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Brown tumour can be found in any part of the skeleton; in some cases, it can occur in multiple bones and can be easily misdiagnosed as a metastatic tumour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report the case of a 44-year-old man who presented to the Department of Oncology in our hospital with a 2-month history of local pain in his left shoulder joint. The initial diagnosis was an aneurysmal bone cyst by biopsy, for which the patient underwent tumour resection surgery. The diagnosis of a malignant tumour was made again following postoperative pathological examination. The pathological sections and all clinical data were sent to the Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; the diagnosis made there was brown tumour. His blood PTH level was 577 pg\/ml (15\u201365 pg\/ml). Colour Doppler ultrasonography of the parathyroid gland suggested a parathyroid adenoma. For further treatment, the left parathyroid adenoma was removed by axillary endoscopic resection. Postoperatively, a pathologic examination was performed, and the diagnosis of a parathyroid adenoma was confirmed. One year after the surgery, the left humerus was completely healed, and the left shoulder joint had a good range of movement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In summary, histopathological diagnosis is not sufficient for the diagnosis of brown tumours. A comprehensive analysis combining clinical symptoms with findings of imaging and laboratory tests is also required. Generally, the treatment of brown tumour includes only partial or complete resection of the parathyroid glands. However, when the tumour is large, especially when it involves the joint, surgery is indispensable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-00971-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T07:03:01Z","timestamp":1647241381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["\u00a0Misdiagnosis of brown tumour caused by primary hyperparathyroidism: a case report with literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yanchun","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaquan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9195-3955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongjun","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"971_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2015.9.1.110","volume":"9","author":"MD Alfawareh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alfawareh MD, Halawani MM, Attia WI, Almusrea KN. 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A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing of interests"}}],"article-number":"66"}}