{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:53:43Z","timestamp":1790650423421,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sex hormones are strongly linked to the occurrence and development of diabetes, and influence glycated hemoglobin (HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>) levels in diabetic population; but, the relationship between sex hormones and HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> in non-diabetic population remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the extent of influence of sex hormones on HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> levels in non-diabetic population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 1409 non\u2013diabetic subjects, including 601 men and 808 postmenopausal women were recruited from Shanghai community. HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> was detected using high performance liquid chromatography, and hemoglobin level was determined by sodium lauryl sulfate colorimetry. Serum estradiol (E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The level of HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> was 5.6 (5.4\u20135.9) % in all subjects, with 5.6 (5.4\u20135.8) % in men and 5.7 (5.5\u20135.9) % in postmenopausal women. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin, E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was positively correlated with HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> in men (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.122, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003), and SHBG was inversely correlated with HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.125, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) in women. Other hormones were not correlated with HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that, except for traditional factors, such as age, hemoglobin, and BMI, E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was another determinant of HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> (standardized <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.137, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003) in men; besides, in women, SHBG was another determinant of HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> (standardized <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.178, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), except for age and systolic blood pressure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After controlling for confounding factors, two sex hormones, as E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and SHBG could influence HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> levels in non-diabetic population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01002-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T20:02:28Z","timestamp":1649188948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The relationship between sex hormones and glycated hemoglobin in a non-diabetic middle-aged and elderly population"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yiting","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijie","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junling","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqian","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1002_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3390\/biom8030076","volume":"8","author":"M Karakas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karakas M, Sch\u00e4fer S, Appelbaum S, et al. 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