{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:08:29Z","timestamp":1789139309403,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause thyroid immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). However, associations between each type of thyroid immune-related adverse effect (irAE) and the anti-tumor effect of ICI remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of each type of thyroid dysfunction on patient survival.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients who initiated ICI treatment from January 2015 to December 2019 in Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Thyroid dysfunction was classified into four types: newly developed overt or subclinical hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, worsened hypothyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of thyroid dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among the 191 patients, 64 (33.5%) developed thyroid irAEs. There was no significant difference in age, sex, or cancer type between the two groups. The overall survival in patients with thyroid irAEs was significantly higher than that in patients without thyroid irAEs (25\u00a0months vs. 18\u00a0months, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005). After adjusting for confounding factors, the hazard ratio for mortality in the thyroid irAE group compared to the no thyroid irAE group was 0.480 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006). Newly developed overt or subclinical hypothyroidism patients showed a significantly lower hazard ratio for mortality of 0.324 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). Patients with thyrotoxicosis showed a worse hazard ratio for mortality than those without thyroid irAE, although the difference was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>It was verified that ICI treatment-induced thyroid dysfunction was associated with better survival, even in the real-world practice. Thus, endocrinologists should cooperate with oncologists to monitor patients treated with ICIs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01004-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T13:03:52Z","timestamp":1649077432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Association between the type of thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors and prognosis in cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6896-9024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han-sang","family":"Baek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaiho","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabsoo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaejun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heysun","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Jun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moo Il","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9219-7135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeonghoon","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1004_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00276","volume":"5","author":"SR Bailey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bailey SR, Nelson MH, Himes RA, Li Z, Mehrotra S, Paulos CM. 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JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(4):512\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.5241.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-022-01004-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-022-01004-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-022-01004-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T13:06:01Z","timestamp":1649077561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12902-022-01004-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-022-01004-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board of Seoul St. Mary\u2019s hospital. Permission to use hospital data was granted by the institutional review board of Seoul St. Mary\u2019s hospital. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul St. Mary\u2019s hospital. (KC21RASI0620).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"89"}}