{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:49:42Z","timestamp":1792752582583,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650412800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare disease and could originate from throughout the body, however, there have been little epidemiological studies in Japan, especially the organ distribution. This study was to examine the epidemiological information of neuroendocrine neoplasms in the Japanese population using data from a hospital-based cancer registry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from the national database of hospital-based cancer registries, we examined the organ distribution, the stage and initial treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms newly diagnosed and treated in designated and non-designated cancer care hospitals between 2009 and 2015. In the present study, neuroendocrine neoplasms consisted of neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 33,215 (17,485 neuroendocrine carcinomas and 15,730 neuroendocrine tumors) cases were diagnosed. The majority in neuroendocrine carcinoma occur in lung (31.1%) followed in decreasing frequency by stomach (12.9%), pancreas (7.5%), rectum (6.7%) and esophagus (5.8%). On the other hand, the half of neuroendocrine tumor originated rectum (50.9%) and followed by pancreas (13.9%), duodenum (9.0%), lung\/bronchus (8.9%), and stomach (8.7%). Neuroendocrine carcinoma presented at more advanced stage and higher age than neuroendocrine tumors.\u3000Most cases of neuroendocrine tumors were treated surgically, while half of neuroendocrine carcinomas were treated with non-surgical therapy consisting of chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results demonstrated that neuroendocrine neoplasms could originate from various organs and the site distribution was different between neuroendocrine carcinoma and tumor. The national database of hospital-based cancer registries in Japan is a valuable source for evaluating the organ distribution of the rare systemic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01016-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T08:08:19Z","timestamp":1650442099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Epidemiology of neuroendocrine neoplasmas in Japan: based on analysis of hospital-based cancer registry data, 2009\u2005\u2013\u20052015"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5182-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomonobu","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Otsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuriko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1016_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09612-2","volume":"22","author":"S La Rosa","year":"2021","unstructured":"S Rosa La S Uccella 2021 Classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms: lights and shadows Rev Endocr Metab Disord 22 527 538","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"1016_CR2","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Digestive system tumours 1","author":"DS Klimstra","year":"2019","unstructured":"DS Klimstra G Kl\u00f6ppel S La Rosa 2019 Classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board editors Eds Digestive system tumours 1 5 IARC Lyon 16 19","edition":"5"},{"key":"1016_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181ec124e","volume":"39","author":"DS Klimstra","year":"2010","unstructured":"DS Klimstra IR Modlin D Coppola RV Lloyd S Suster 2010 The pathological classification of neuroendcrine tumors: a review of nomenclature, grading, and staging system Pancreas 39 707 712","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"1016_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11105","volume":"97","author":"IM Modlin","year":"2003","unstructured":"IM Modlin KD Lye M Kidd 2003 A 5-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors Cancer 97 934 959","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1016_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01029-7","volume":"23","author":"S Das","year":"2021","unstructured":"S Das A Dasari 2021 Epidemiology, Incidence, and Prevalence of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Are There Global Differences? 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Furthermore, the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shinshu University School of Medicine (No.4618).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"105"}}