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The present study, the largest of its kind within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, aims to determine the demographics and clinical presentation of PHPT in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this multi-center retrospective study involving three tertiary hospitals in different geographic locations of Saudi Arabia namely, Riyadh, Al Ahsa and Jeddah, a total of 205 out of 243 confirmed PHPT cases aged 16 to 93\u00a0years old were included (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200996 from Riyadh; <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200959 from Al Ahsa and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200950 from Jeddah). Demographics, clinical manifestations and surgical outcomes were recorded as well as laboratory and radiologic investigations including serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH)D, adjusted calcium, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and nuclear scan outcome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PHPT cases appeared to increase over time when compared to other local studies published so far, with 12.8 cases per 100,000 hospital population. Females outnumber males (3:1) with 86% seen as out-patients. The average age was 59.8\u2009\u00b1\u200915.5\u00a0years. Abnormal PTH scan was seen in 171 patients (83.4%). Kidney stones was the most common renal manifestation (32 cases, 15.6%) and osteoporosis was the most common skeletal manifestation (67 cases, 32.7%). Al Ahsa had the highest prevalence of multiple comorbidities at 54% and the highest prevalence of obesity as a single comorbidity (17%) compared to other regions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Jeddah recorded the highest prevalence of osteoporosis with bone and joint pains (30%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Comparison of present data with previous local studies suggest an increasing trend in PHPT cases in Saudi Arabia. Regional variations in the clinical presentation of PHPT were observed and warrant further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01059-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T03:33:04Z","timestamp":1654745584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Primary hyperparathyroidism in Saudi Arabia revisited: a multi-centre observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yousef","family":"Al-Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"AlSohaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"AlAmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"AlQarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raed","family":"Alenezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Layla","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hend","family":"Alzanbaqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samah M.","family":"Nawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hibah","family":"AlHarbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulrhman","family":"ALMulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Al Qahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salih Bin","family":"Salih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Al Anazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najla","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seham","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"AlAklabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaun","family":"Sabico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasser M.","family":"Al-Daghri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9684","key":"1059_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60507-9","volume":"374","author":"WD Fraser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fraser WD. 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Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (IRB NCBE No H-01-R-005).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Yousef Al-Saleh, Abdullah AlSohaim, Reem AlAmoudi, Ali AlQarni, Raed Alenezi, Layla Mahdi, Hind AlZanbaqi,\u00a0Samah M. Nawar, Hibah AlHarbi,\u00a0Abdulrhman Al Mulla,\u00a0Maryam Al Qahtani,\u00a0Salih Bin Salih,\u00a0Faisal Al Anazi, Najla Saleh, Seham Saleh, Ali AlAklabi, Shaun Sabico, Nasser M. Al-Daghri declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"155"}}