{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:08:15Z","timestamp":1790611695951,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination have been reported. A human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele, <jats:italic>HLA-B*35<\/jats:italic>, appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of SAT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted HLA typing of one patient with SAT and another with both SAT and Graves\u2019 disease (GD), which developed after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Patient 1, a 58-year-old Japanese man, was inoculated with a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BNT162b2; Pfizer, New York, NY, USA). He developed fever (38\u2009\u00b0C), cervical pain, palpitations, and fatigue on day 10 after vaccination. Blood chemistry tests revealed thyrotoxicosis and elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and slightly increased serum antithyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) levels. Thyroid ultrasonography revealed the characteristic findings of SAT. Patient 2, a 36-year-old Japanese woman, was inoculated twice with a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (mRNA-1273; Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA). She developed fever (37.8\u2009\u00b0C) and thyroid gland pain on day 3 after the second vaccination. Blood chemistry tests revealed thyrotoxicosis and elevated serum CRP, TSAb, and antithyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody levels. Fever and thyroid gland pain persisted. Thyroid ultrasonography revealed the characteristic findings of SAT (i.e., slight swelling and a focal hypoechoic area with decreased blood flow). Prednisolone treatment was effective for SAT. However, thyrotoxicosis causing palpitations relapsed thereafter, for which thyroid scintigraphy with <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>technetium pertechnetate was conducted, and the patient was diagnosed with GD. Thiamazole treatment was then initiated, which led to improvement in symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>HLA typing revealed that both patients had the <jats:italic>HLA-B*35:01<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>-C*04:01<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>-DPB1*05:01<\/jats:italic> alleles. Only patient 2 had the <jats:italic>HLA-DRB1*11:01<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HLA-DQB1*03:01<\/jats:italic> alleles. The <jats:italic>HLA-B*35:01<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HLA-C*04:01<\/jats:italic> alleles appeared to be involved in the pathogenesis of SAT after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and the <jats:italic>HLA-DRB1*11:01<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HLA-DQB1*03:01<\/jats:italic> alleles were speculated to be involved in the postvaccination pathogenesis of GD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-023-01287-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T03:02:54Z","timestamp":1678158174000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["HLA typing of patients who developed subacute thyroiditis and Graves\u2019 disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shigemitsu","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiya","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinnosuke","family":"Yanagisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akifumi","family":"Haisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Satomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritsuko","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1287_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-5","volume":"6","author":"R Desailloud","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desailloud R, Hober D. 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The Institutional Review Board at Saitama Medical University Hospital approved the protocol for the genetic analyses (approval number 2021-114, dated January 17, 2022). All protocols, including the genetic analyses, were conducted in accordance with the principles of Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from both patients for the publication of this case report and any accompanying images. The copies of 2 consent forms are available for the Editor to review upon request.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"54"}}