{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:16:53Z","timestamp":1784672213366,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the association between the initial dose of MMI and the clinical course, as well as adverse effects on young people with GD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One hundred and sixty-one children and adolescents with newly diagnosed GD were enrolled for this study and categorized into four groups based on initial serum-free T3 and T4 levels and daily MMI doses: Group A (mild, 0.3\u20130.5\u00a0mg\/kg\/day, n\u2009=\u200978), Group B (moderate, 0.6\u20130.8\u00a0mg\/kg\/day, n\u2009=\u200937), Group C (severe, 0.6\u20130.8\u00a0mg\/kg\/day, n\u2009=\u200924), and Group D (severe, 0.8-1.0\u00a0mg\/kg\/day, n\u2009=\u200922). The thyroid function, blood cell analysis and liver function were examined before treatment and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. Outcome of long-term follow-up were also observed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After 12 weeks of treatment, 91.0% of the patients in group A and 90.9% of the patients in group D recovered to normalization of FT3, which was slightly higher than the other two groups; 70.8% of the patients in group C recovered to normalization of FT4, which was slightly lower than that in the other three groups. The incidence of minor adverse effects was 12.8% in group A, 13.5% in group B, 16.7% in group C and 40.9% in group D (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Remission was achieved in 38 patients (23.6%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lower doses of MMI (0.3\u20130.5\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) are suitable for mild GD, and higher doses of MMI (0.6\u20130.8\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) are advisable for moderate or severe GD. Much higher doses of MMI (0.8-1.0\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) are harmful for initial use in children and adolescents with GD patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-023-01484-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T08:02:13Z","timestamp":1698048133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Different doses of methimazole treatment of children and adolescents with graves\u2019 disease: a clinical study based on 161 cases of outpatients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiqin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1484_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lane L, Wood C, Cheetham T. Graves\u2019 disease: moving forwards. Archives of disease in childhood; 2022.","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2022-323905"},{"issue":"2","key":"1484_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2013.08.008","volume":"28","author":"J L\u00e9ger","year":"2014","unstructured":"L\u00e9ger J, et al. Graves\u2019 Disease in children. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;28(2):233\u201343.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"1484_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01252.x","volume":"54","author":"G Wong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wong G, Cheng PS. Increasing incidence of childhood Graves\u2019 Disease in Hong Kong: a follow-up study. Clin Endocrinol. 2010;54(4):547\u201350.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1484_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1159\/000500265","volume":"91","author":"M Rodanaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodanaki M, et al. The incidence of Childhood Thyrotoxicosis is increasing in both girls and boys in Sweden. Horm Res Paediatr. 2019;91(3):195\u2013202.","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1484_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000430985","volume":"84","author":"RH Kjaer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kjaer RH, Andersen MS, Hansen D. Increasing incidence of Juvenile Thyrotoxicosis in Denmark: a Nationwide Study, 1998\u20132012. Hormone Res Paediatrics. 2015;84(2):102\u20137.","journal-title":"Hormone Res Paediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1484_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.26.29","volume":"26","author":"K Minamitani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Minamitani K, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of childhood-onset Graves\u2019 Disease in Japan, 2016. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2017;26(2):29\u201362.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"1484_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00e9ger J, Carel JC. Diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism from prenatal life to adolescence. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism; 2018. p. 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Int J Pediatr Endocrinol, 2010. 2010(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2010-176970"},{"issue":"6","key":"1484_CR19","first-page":"310","volume":"71","author":"F Kaguelidou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaguelidou F, Carel JC, L\u00e9ger J. Graves\u2019 Disease in childhood: advances in management with antithyroid drug therapy. Horm Res. 2009;71(6):310\u20137.","journal-title":"Horm Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-023-01484-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-023-01484-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-023-01484-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T02:16:50Z","timestamp":1700533010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12902-023-01484-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-023-01484-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Children\u2019s Hospital of Shanxi Province (No. 2020020). All study participants or their parents signed informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"233"}}