{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:40:54Z","timestamp":1790217654232,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipodystrophy\u00a0(LD) is characterized by progressive loss of adipose tissue and consequential metabolic abnormalities. With new treatments emerging for LD, there is a growing need to understand the prevalence of specific comorbidities that may be commonly associated with the condition to contextualize its natural history without any disease-modifying therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the risk of specific clinical characteristics in people living with LD in 2018\u20132019 compared with the general US population, among the commercially insured US population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the 2018\u20132019 Clinformatics\u00ae Data Mart database. An adult LD cohort (age\u2009\u2265\u200918 years) with\u2009\u22651 inpatient or\u2009\u22652 outpatient LD diagnoses was created. The LD cohort included non\u2013HIV-associated LD (non\u2013HIV-LD) and HIV-associated LD (HIV-LD) subgroups, which were compared against age- and sex-matched control groups with a 1:4 ratio from the general population with neither an LD or an HIV diagnosis using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 546 individuals with non\u2013HIV-LD (mean age, 60.3\u2009\u00b1\u200914.9 years; female, 67.6%) and 334 individuals with HIV-LD (mean age, 59.2\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3 years; female, 15.0%) in 2018\u20132019. Compared with the general population, individuals with non\u2013HIV-LD had higher risks (OR [95% CI]) for hyperlipidemia (3.32 [2.71\u20134.09]), hypertension (3.58 [2.89\u20134.44]), diabetes mellitus (4.72 [3.85\u20135.79]), kidney disease (2.78 [2.19\u20133.53]), liver fibrosis or cirrhosis (4.06 [1.66\u20139.95]), cancer (2.20 [1.59\u20133.01]), and serious infections resulting in hospitalization (3.00 [2.19\u20134.10]). Compared with individuals with HIV, those with HIV-LD have higher odds of hypertension (1.47 [1.13\u20131.92]), hyperlipidemia (2.46 [1.86\u20133.28]), and diabetes (1.37 [1.04\u20131.79]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LD imposes a substantial burden on affected individuals due to a high prevalence of metabolic comorbidities and other complications as compared with the general non-LD population. Future longitudinal follow-up studies investigating the causality between LD and observed comorbidities are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01629-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T09:02:28Z","timestamp":1719910948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of clinical characteristics of lipodystrophy in the US adult population in a healthcare claims database"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Seonkyeong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6870-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"1629_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4500","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2466","volume":"101","author":"RJ Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown RJ, Araujo-Vilar D, Cheung PT, et al. 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All data analyzed during this study are from the Clinformatics Data Mart database that is cited in the Methods section. The study utilizes the secondary use of commercially available de-identified healthcare data. Identifiable patient information has been stripped and determined to be de-identified in accordance with the HIPAA Privacy Rule by either expert determination (\u00a7 164.514 (b)(1)) or Safe Harbor (\u00a7 164.514 (b)(2)). The use of data would not constitute human subjects research in accordance with the Common Rule (45 CFR 46.102(f)). Therefore, institutional review board review was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"S.Y. conducted the analysis and writing as an intern and contractor for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.C.K. is an employee of and shareholder in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"102"}}