{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:18:40Z","timestamp":1793499520494,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-025-01941-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:56:09Z","timestamp":1745715369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR); an accurate inflammatory marker to predict diabetic foot ulcer amputation: a matched case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Faeze","family":"Afshar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Daraie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiana","family":"Seifouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Amin Afshari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soheil","family":"Heidari Some\u2019eh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Yadegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parnian","family":"Naghavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Esteghamati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soghra","family":"Rabizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Abbaszadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manouchehr","family":"Nakhjavani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Karimpour Reyhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1941_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50954-z","volume":"14","author":"H Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu H, Yang Z, Wang J, Bu Y, Wang Y, Xu K, et al. Exploring shared therapeutic targets in diabetic cardiomyopathy and diabetic foot ulcers through bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):230.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1941_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S284583","volume":"14","author":"W Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen W, Chen K, Xu Z, Hu Y, Liu Y, Liu W, et al. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte ratio predict mortality in patients with diabetic foot ulcers undergoing amputations. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:821\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"1941_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2022.18.100","volume":"18","author":"S Kalra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kalra S, Dhar M, Afsana F, Aggarwal P, Aye TT, Bantwal G, et al. Asian best practices for care of diabetes in elderly (ABCDE). Rev Diabet Stud. 2022;18(2):100\u201334.","journal-title":"Rev Diabet Stud"},{"issue":"10","key":"1941_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0536","volume":"38","author":"O Hoffstad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoffstad O, Mitra N, Walsh J, Margolis DJ, Diabetes. Lower-Extremity amputation, and death. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(10):1852\u20137.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"1941_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5967","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3530","volume":"11","author":"S Rabizadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rabizadeh S, Heidari F, Karimi R, Rajab A, Rahimi-Dehgolan S, Yadegar A, et al. Vitamin C supplementation lowers advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr. 2023;11(10):5967\u201377.","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1941_CR6","first-page":"e488","volume":"7","author":"K Mokhtarpour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mokhtarpour K, Yadegar A, Mohammadi F, Aghayan Seyedeh N, Seyedi Seyed A, Rabizadeh S, Endocrinology, et al. Diabetes Metab. 2024;7(3):e488.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"1941_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1185","volume":"34","author":"P Schuetz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schuetz P, Castro P, Shapiro NI. Diabetes and sepsis: preclinical findings and clinical relevance. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(3):771\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1941_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun B, Chen Y, Man Y, Fu Y, Lin J, Chen Z. Clinical value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index on prediction of occurrence and development of diabetic foot-induced sepsis. Front Public Health. 2023;11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1181880"},{"key":"1941_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/2251-6581-12-36","volume":"12","author":"N Madanchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Madanchi N, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Pajouhi M, Heshmat R, Larijani B, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR. Who are diabetic foot patients? A descriptive study on 873 patients. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12:36.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"1941_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.180010","volume":"3","author":"AF Mavrogenis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mavrogenis AF, Megaloikonomos PD, Antoniadou T, Igoumenou VG, Panagopoulos GN, Dimopoulos L, et al. Current concepts for the evaluation and management of diabetic foot ulcers. EFORT Open Rev. 2018;3(9):513\u201325.","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1941_CR11","first-page":"S6","volume":"13","author":"GE Reiber","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reiber GE. The epidemiology of diabetic foot problems. Diabet Med. 1996;13(Suppl 1):S6\u201311.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1941_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.5.1435","volume":"26","author":"LA Lavery","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Wunderlich RP, Tredwell J, Boulton AJ. Diabetic foot syndrome: evaluating the prevalence and incidence of foot pathology in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Whites from a diabetes disease management cohort. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(5):1435\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1941_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cap\u00f3 X, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Quetglas-Llabr\u00e9s M, Batle JM, Tur JA, Pons A et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, and increases growth factors favouring the healing process of diabetic wounds. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(8).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087040"},{"issue":"1","key":"1941_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2015.04.002","volume":"10","author":"J Ahmad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmad J. The diabetic foot. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome: Clin Res Reviews. 2016;10(1):48\u201360.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome: Clin Res Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"1941_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.04.015","volume":"42","author":"SM Taylor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taylor SM, Kalbaugh CA, Blackhurst DW, Hamontree SE, Cull DL, Messich HS, et al. Preoperative clinical factors predict postoperative functional outcomes after major lower limb amputation: an analysis of 553 consecutive patients. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42(2):227\u201335.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1941_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.03.030","volume":"50","author":"SM Taylor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taylor SM, York JW, Cull DL, Kalbaugh CA, Cass AL, Langan EM 3. Clinical success using patient-oriented outcome measures after lower extremity bypass and endovascular intervention for ischemic tissue loss. J Vasc Surg. 2009;50(3):534\u201341. discussion 41.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1941_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.03.033","volume":"30","author":"NM Malyar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malyar NM, Freisinger E, Meyborg M, L\u00fcders F, Gebauer K, Reinecke H, et al. Amputations and mortality in in-hospital treated patients with peripheral artery disease and diabetic foot syndrome. J Diabetes Complicat. 2016;30(6):1117\u201322.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1941_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3657","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3657","volume":"40","author":"NC Schaper","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schaper NC, van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, Bus SA, Fitridge R, Game F, et al. Practical guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetes-related foot disease (IWGDF 2023 update). Diab\/Metab Res Rev. 2024;40(3):e3657.","journal-title":"Diab\/Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1941_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00434-5","volume":"53","author":"NG Frangogiannis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Frangogiannis NG, Smith CW, Entman ML. The inflammatory response in myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;53(1):31\u201347.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1941_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3109\/10641963.2013.804547","volume":"36","author":"M Sunbul","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sunbul M, Gerin F, Durmus E, Kivrak T, Sari I, Tigen K, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in patients with dipper versus non-dipper hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2014;36(4):217\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"issue":"17","key":"1941_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.03.028","volume":"47","author":"MJ Proctor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Proctor MJ, Morrison DS, Talwar D, Balmer SM, Fletcher CD, O\u2019Reilly DS, et al. A comparison of inflammation-based prognostic scores in patients with cancer. A Glasgow inflammation outcome study. Eur J Cancer. 2011;47(17):2633\u201341.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"1941_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.12.057","volume":"197","author":"RA Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith RA, Bosonnet L, Raraty M, Sutton R, Neoptolemos JP, Campbell F, et al. Preoperative platelet-lymphocyte ratio is an independent significant prognostic marker in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg. 2009;197(4):466\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1941_CR23","first-page":"1794","volume":"7","author":"EM Akbas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akbas EM, Demirtas L, Ozcicek A, Timuroglu A, Bakirci EM, Hamur H, et al. Association of epicardial adipose tissue, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with diabetic nephropathy. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;7(7):1794\u2013801.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1941_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2016.08.108","volume":"65","author":"N Vatankhah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vatankhah N, Jahangiri Y, Landry GJ, McLafferty RB, Alkayed NJ, Moneta GL, et al. Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in diabetic wound healing. J Vasc Surg. 2017;65(2):478\u201383.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"23","key":"1941_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3678","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i23.3678","volume":"29","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Chen P, Zhu X. Lymphocyte-to-white blood cell ratio is associated with outcome in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. World J Gastroenterol. 2023;29(23):3678\u201387.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1941_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(02)00282-9","volume":"18","author":"Z Hekimsoy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hekimsoy Z, Payzin B, \u00d6rnek T, Kando\u011fan G. Mean platelet volume in type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complicat. 2004;18(3):173\u20136.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"issue":"7","key":"1941_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.7.2181","volume":"26","author":"JA Colwell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Colwell JA, Nesto RW. The platelet in diabetes: focus on prevention of ischemic events. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(7):2181\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1941_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.98662","volume":"4","author":"TA Kodiatte","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kodiatte TA, Manikyam UK, Rao SB, Jagadish TM, Reddy M, Lingaiah HK, et al. Mean platelet volume in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Lab Physicians. 2012;4(1):5\u20139.","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"issue":"25","key":"1941_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.677936","volume":"34","author":"J Feinglass","year":"2012","unstructured":"Feinglass J, Shively VP, Martin GJ, Huang ME, Soriano RH, Rodriguez HE, et al. How \u2018preventable\u2019 are lower extremity amputations? A qualitative study of patient perceptions of precipitating factors. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(25):2158\u201365.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"1941_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116813","volume":"138","author":"G Maldonado","year":"1993","unstructured":"Maldonado G, Greenland S. Simulation study of confounder-selection strategies. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;138(11):923\u201336.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"Supplement1","key":"1941_CR31","first-page":"S67","volume":"36","author":"AD Association","year":"2012","unstructured":"Association AD. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2012;36(Supplement1):S67\u201374.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9502","key":"1941_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67029-8","volume":"366","author":"WJ Jeffcoate","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jeffcoate WJ, Game F, Cavanagh PR. The role of Proinflammatory cytokines in the cause of neuropathic osteoarthropathy (acute Charcot foot) in diabetes. Lancet. 2005;366(9502):2058\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1941_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.08.009","volume":"144","author":"T Demirdal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Demirdal T, Sen P. The significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio in predicting peripheral arterial disease, peripheral neuropathy, osteomyelitis and amputation in diabetic foot infection. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;144:118\u201325.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"1941_CR34","first-page":"e33891","volume":"15","author":"M Sathvik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sathvik M, Vuppuluri K, Dulipala P. The association of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio with the outcome of diabetic foot ulcer. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e33891.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"1941_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14019","volume":"20","author":"S Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu S, Wang Y, Hu Z, Ma L, Zhang F, Liu P. Effects of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, serum calcium, and serum albumin on prognosis in patients with diabetic foot. Int Wound J. 2023;20(5):1638\u201346.","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1941_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14827","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14827","volume":"21","author":"Y Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Y, Geng R, Meng X, Feng Z, Wang X, Zhang G, et al. The impact of inflammatory biomarkers on amputation rates in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Int Wound J. 2024;21(4):e14827.","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1941_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4081\/hr.2017.6981","volume":"9","author":"O Yap\u0131c\u0131","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yap\u0131c\u0131 O, Berk H, \u00d6ztoprak N, Seyman D, Tahmaz A, Merdin A. Can ratio of Neutrophil-Tolymphocyte count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in diabetic foot infection predict osteomyelitis and\/or amputation?? Hematol Rep. 2017;9(1):19\u201321.","journal-title":"Hematol Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1941_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2023.04.007","volume":"62","author":"A Y\u00fcce","year":"2023","unstructured":"Y\u00fcce A, Yerli M, Erkurt N, \u00c7akar M. The preoperative Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio is an independent predictive factor in predicting 1-Year mortality in amputated diabetic foot patients. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2023;62(5):816\u20139.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1941_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14832","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14832","volume":"21","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Li Q, Zhou X, Xu Y, Shu Z, Deng H. Risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot ulcers: A retrospective analysis. Int Wound J. 2024;21(4):e14832.","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"10","key":"1941_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4050","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14296","volume":"20","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Xu H, Wang Y, Feng X, Liang X, Xu L, et al. Risk factor analysis for diabetic foot ulcer-related amputation including controlling nutritional status score and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Int Wound J. 2023;20(10):4050\u201360.","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1941_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2021.03.011","volume":"62","author":"NH Coelho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coelho NH, Coelho A, Augusto R, Semi\u00e3o C, Peixoto J, Fernandes L, et al. Pre-operative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is associated with 30 day death or amputation after revascularisation for acute limb ischaemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2021;62(1):74\u201380.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1941_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2019.28.9.601","volume":"28","author":"FA Altay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Altay FA, Kuzi S, Altay M, Ate\u015f \u0130, G\u00fcrb\u00fcz Y, T\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fc EE, et al. Predicting diabetic foot ulcer infection using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: a prospective study. J Wound Care. 2019;28(9):601\u20137.","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"1941_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.094","volume":"72","author":"J Bath","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bath J, Smith JB, Kruse RL, Vogel TR. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts disease severity and outcome after lower extremity procedures. J Vasc Surg. 2020;72(2):622\u201331.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1941_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14648","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14648","volume":"38","author":"J Arag\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arag\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez J, V\u00edquez-Molina G, L\u00f3pez-Valverde ME, Arag\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez J, Rojas-Bonilla JM, Murillo-Vargas C. Clinical, Microbiological and inflammatory markers of severe diabetic foot infections. Diabet Med. 2021;38(10):e14648.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1941_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2023.07.015","volume":"29","author":"MS Ayd\u0131n","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n MS, Eren MA, Uyar N, Kank\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 N, Karaaslan H, Sabuncu T, et al. Relationship between systemic immune inflammation index and amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. J Orthop Sci. 2024;29(4):1060\u20133.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1941_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346211057742","volume":"23","author":"D Serban","year":"2024","unstructured":"Serban D, Papanas N, Dascalu AM, Kempler P, Raz I, Rizvi AA, et al. Significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in diabetic foot ulcer and potential new therapeutic targets. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2024;23(2):205\u201316.","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"issue":"2","key":"1941_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05760-x","volume":"65","author":"RO Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali RO, Moon MS, Townsend EC, Hill K, Zhang GY, Bradshaw A, et al. Exploring the link between platelet numbers and vascular homeostasis across early and late stages of fibrosis in hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci. 2020;65(2):524\u201333.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1941_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2016.1218047","volume":"137","author":"Y Maruyama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maruyama Y, Inoue K, Mori K, Gorai K, Shimamoto R, Onitsuka T, et al. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio as predictors of wound healing failure in head and neck reconstruction. Acta Otolaryngol. 2017;137(1):106\u201310.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1941_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.13104","volume":"31","author":"K Yammine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yammine K, Abou Orm G, Mouawad J, Assi C. Basic haematological tests as inflammatory performance markers of patients treated either by Conservative surgery or minor amputation for infected diabetic foot ulcers. Wound Repair Regeneration. 2023;31(5):627\u201334.","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regeneration"},{"issue":"7","key":"1941_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67688","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067688","volume":"8","author":"T Gary","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gary T, Pichler M, Belaj K, Hafner F, Gerger A, Froehlich H, et al. Platelet-to-Lymphocyte ratio: A novel marker for critical limb ischemia in peripheral arterial occlusive disease patients. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(7):e67688.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"1941_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(91)90196-S","volume":"50","author":"TJ Fahey III","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fahey TJ III, Sadaty A, Jones WG, Barber II, Smoller A, Shires B. Diabetes impairs the late inflammatory response to wound healing. J Surg Res. 1991;50(4):308\u201313.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"1941_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117813","volume":"254","author":"PM Seraphim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seraphim PM, Leal EC, Moura J, Gon\u00e7alves P, Gon\u00e7alves JP, Carvalho E. Lack of lymphocytes impairs macrophage polarization and angiogenesis in diabetic wound healing. Life Sci. 2020;254:117813.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1941_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buch A, Kaur S, Nair R, Jain A. Platelet volume indices as predictive biomarkers for diabetic complications in Type 2 diabetic patients. 9.","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.199625"},{"issue":"1","key":"1941_CR54","first-page":"9213074","volume":"2019","author":"A Korniluk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Korniluk A, Koper-Lenkiewicz OM, Kami\u0144ska J, Kemona H, Dymicka-Piekarska V. Mean platelet volume (MPV): new perspectives for an old marker in the course and prognosis of inflammatory conditions. Mediat Inflamm. 2019;2019(1):9213074.","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"key":"1941_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moon K-C, Kim S-B, Han S-K, Jeong S-H, Dhong E-S. Risk factors for major amputation in hospitalized diabetic patients with forefoot ulcers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;158.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107905"},{"issue":"4","key":"1941_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1726468","volume":"30","author":"MB Rachmanadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rachmanadi MB, Ismail MT, Anggraeni VY. Relationship between mean platelet volume and critical limb ischemia in diabetes mellitus patients. Int J Angiol. 2021;30(4):257\u201361.","journal-title":"Int J Angiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1941_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6718","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25058-8","volume":"8","author":"P Rief","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rief P, Raggam RB, Avian A, Hafner F, Sareban M, Wehrschuetz M, et al. Low mean platelet volume is associated with critical limb ischemia in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):6718.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1941_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1724","volume":"35","author":"B Shah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shah B, Sha D, Xie D, Mohler ER III, Berger JS. The relationship between diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and platelet activity as measured by mean platelet volume: the National health and nutrition examination survey, 1999\u20132004. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(5):1074\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"1941_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.01.006","volume":"23","author":"R Demirtunc","year":"2009","unstructured":"Demirtunc R, Duman D, Basar M, Bilgi M, Teomete M, Garip T. The relationship between glycemic control and platelet activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complicat. 2009;23(2):89\u201394.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-01941-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-025-01941-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-01941-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T02:02:17Z","timestamp":1745719337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12902-025-01941-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-025-01941-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians. Approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. (Ethic code: IR.TUMS.IKHC.REC.1399.507).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"120"}}