{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:41:31Z","timestamp":1792680091569,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-025-01977-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T09:40:06Z","timestamp":1751362806000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evidence on the link between hypothyroidism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an updated systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Pourseyedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Arefhosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helda","family":"Tutunchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrangiz","family":"Ebrahimi-Mameghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.033","volume":"70","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Younossi ZM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - A global public health perspective. J Hepatol. 2019;70(3):531\u201344.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2021.1875453","volume":"60","author":"H Tutunchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tutunchi H, Saghafi-Asl M, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Ostadrahimi A. Food insecurity and lipid profile abnormalities are associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a case\u2013control study. Ecol Food Nutr. 2021;60(4):508\u201324.","journal-title":"Ecol Food Nutr"},{"key":"1977_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032361","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1032361","volume":"13","author":"S Arefhosseini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arefhosseini S, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Najafipour F, Tutunchi H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease across endocrinopathies: interaction with sex hormones. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1032361.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"9","key":"1977_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0","volume":"7","author":"K Riazi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Riazi K, Azhari H, Charette JH, Underwood FE, King JA, Afshar EE, et al. The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;7(9):851\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1977_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clayton-Chubb D, Kemp W, Majeed A, Lubel JS, Hodge A, Roberts SK. Understanding NAFLD: from case identification to interventions, outcomes, and future perspectives. Nutrients. 2023;15(3):687.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030687"},{"key":"1977_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mantovani A, Lombardi R, Cattazzo F, Zusi C, Cappelli D, Dalbeni A. MAFLD and CKD: an updated narrative review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(13):7007.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137007"},{"key":"1977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154170","volume":"111","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mantovani A, Scorletti E, Mosca A, Alisi A, Byrne CD, Targher G. Complications, morbidity and mortality of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism. 2020;111:154170.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"7","key":"1977_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13985","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13985","volume":"75","author":"Z Namkhah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Namkhah Z, Naeini F, Ostadrahimi A, Tutunchi H, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ. The association of the adipokine zinc\u2010alpha2\u2010glycoprotein with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and related risk factors: A comprehensive systematic review. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(7):e13985.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"1977_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00020-0","volume":"6","author":"G Targher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Targher G, Tilg H, Byrne CD. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a multisystem disease requiring a multidisciplinary and holistic approach. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;6(7):578\u201388.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1977_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2023.10.013","volume":"58","author":"H Tutunchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tutunchi H, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Roshanravan N, Mobasseri M, Najafipour F, et al. Effects of oleoylethanolamide supplementation on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and serum NRG4 levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2023;58:311\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"10","key":"1977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.0486","volume":"170","author":"P Hanley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanley P, Lord K, Bauer AJ. Thyroid disorders in children and adolescents: A review. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(10):1008\u201319.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"1977_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001","volume":"33","author":"E Hatziagelaki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hatziagelaki E, Paschou SA, Sch\u00f6n M, Psaltopoulou T, Roden M. NAFLD and thyroid function: pathophysiological and therapeutic considerations. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2022;33(11):755\u201368.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1977_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Neculae E, Costea CF, Ciocoiu M, Hurjui LL, et al. Hypothyroidism-Induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (HIN): mechanisms and emerging therapeutic options. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(16):5927.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165927"},{"issue":"25","key":"1977_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8102","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i25.8102","volume":"20","author":"A Eshraghian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eshraghian A, Hamidian Jahromi A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and thyroid dysfunction: a systematic review. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(25):8102\u20139.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1977_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.08.012","volume":"50","author":"Z Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo Z, Li M, Han B, Qi X. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with thyroid function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Liver Dis. 2018;50(11):1153\u201362.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1977_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.5114\/ceh.2022.118594","volume":"8","author":"AAD Rahadini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahadini AAD, Rahadina A. Association between hypothyroidism and liver fibrosis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022;8(3):188\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"1977_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janota B, Adamek B, Szczepa\u0144ska E, Biernacki K, Janczewska E. Lifestyle and quality of life of women diagnosed with hypothyroidism in the context of Non-Alcoholic fatty liver. Metabolites. 2023;13(12):1174.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13121174"},{"issue":"3","key":"1977_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2409","volume":"99","author":"A Garmendia Madariaga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garmendia Madariaga A, Santos Palacios S, Guill\u00e9n-Grima F, Galofr\u00e9 JC. The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in europe: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(3):923\u201331.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1977_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1159\/000492324","volume":"7","author":"C Janovsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Janovsky C, Cesena FH, Valente VAT, Concei\u00e7\u00e3o RDO, Santos RD, Bittencourt MS. Association between Thyroid-Stimulating hormone levels and Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease is not independent from metabolic syndrome criteria. Eur Thyroid J. 2018;7(6):302\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32245-0","volume":"8","author":"J Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee J, Ha J, Jo K, Lim DJ, Lee JM, Chang SA, et al. Male-specific association between subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease estimated by hepatic steatosis index: Korea National health and nutrition examination survey 2013 to 2015. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):15145.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1977_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.38173\/RST.2020.20.2.13:139-146","volume":"20","author":"M Popescu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Popescu M, Popescu IA, Neagoe D, Ghenea A, Iana O, Baleanu VD, et al. Hypothyroidism-A risk factor for the Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease. Res Sci Today. 2020;20:139.","journal-title":"Res Sci Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"1977_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475520945058","volume":"51","author":"H Grewal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grewal H, Joshi S, Sharma R, Mittal P, Goel A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with hypothyroidism presenting at a rural tertiary care centre in North India. Trop Doct. 2021;51(2):181\u20134.","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"issue":"7","key":"1977_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12124","volume":"9","author":"C Labenz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Labenz C, Kostev K, Armandi A, Galle PR, Schattenberg JM. Impact of thyroid disorders on the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Germany. United Eur Gastroenterol J. 2021;9(7):829\u201336.","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"1977_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766419","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.766419","volume":"12","author":"S Lai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lai S, Li J, Wang Z, Wang W, Guan H. Sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices are closely associated with NAFLD. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:766419.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1S Suppl 1","key":"1977_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002136","volume":"33","author":"SH Loosen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Loosen SH, Demir M, Kostev K, Luedde T, Roderburg C. Incidences of hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis are increased in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(1S Suppl 1):e1008\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.21608\/efmj.2021.26839.1022","volume":"5","author":"MM Shatla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shatla MM, Faisal AS. Hypothyroidism and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: association and effect of Levothyroxine replacement therapy. Egypt Family Med J. 2021;5(1):52\u201367.","journal-title":"Egypt Family Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"1977_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac393","volume":"107","author":"H Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan H, Liu Z, Zhang X, Wu S, Shi T, Zhang P, et al. Thyroid stimulating hormone levels are associated with genetically predicted nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(9):2522\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab037","volume":"77","author":"Y Gu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gu Y, Wu X, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Wu H, et al. High-Normal thyroid function predicts incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among Middle-Aged and older euthyroid subjects. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci. 2022;77(1):197\u2013203.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1977_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-3890","volume":"11","author":"C Shao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shao C, Cheng Q, Zhang S, Xiang X, Xu Y. Serum level of free thyroxine is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in euthyroid people. Ann Palliat Med. 2022;11(2):655\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1977_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ21-0536","volume":"69","author":"J Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao J, Zhu C, Zhang X, Sun L, Gao C, Liang X, et al. Associations among FT(4) level, FT(3)\/FT(4) ratio, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese patients with hypopituitarism. Endocr J. 2022;69(6):659\u201367.","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"1977_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.019","volume":"76","author":"J Zuarth-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zuarth-V\u00e1zquez J, Soriano-M\u00e1rquez JP, Vel\u00e1zquez-Alem\u00e1n A, Moreno-Casta\u00f1eda L, L\u00f3pez-M\u00e9ndez I, Ramos-Ostos MH, et al. Hypothyroidism is not associated with Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2022;76:S850\u20131.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1977_CR32","first-page":"e37094","volume":"15","author":"S Augustine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Augustine S, Harshitha R, Sangayya Hiremath R, Anil Kumar H, Prajwal KC. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overt hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional study in a tertiary care hospital. Cureus. 2023;15(4):e37094.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"1977_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2023.03.004","volume":"13","author":"S Elshinshawy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elshinshawy S, Elhaddad H, Abdel Alem S, Shaker O, Salam R, Yosry A, Elebrashy I. The interrelation between hypothyroidism and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a Cross-sectional study. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2023;13(4):638\u201348.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1977_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4103\/injms.injms_24_23","volume":"14","author":"M Patel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel M, Acharya S, Kumar S. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hypothyroid subjects: A Cross-sectional comparative study. Indian J Med Specialities. 2023;14(3):145\u201351.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Specialities"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","volume":"10","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2021;10(1):89.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"1977_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","volume":"25","author":"A Stang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25(9):603\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1977_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04016.x","volume":"75","author":"C Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu C, Xu L, Yu C, Miao M, Li Y. Association between thyroid function and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in euthyroid elderly Chinese. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011;75(2):240\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.027","volume":"57","author":"GE Chung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chung GE, Kim D, Kim W, Yim JY, Park MJ, Kim YJ, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease across the spectrum of hypothyroidism. J Hepatol. 2012;57(1):150\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-012-0008-8","volume":"32","author":"J Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang J, Sun H, Chen L, Zheng J, Hu X, Wang S, Chen T. Relationship between serum TSH level with obesity and NAFLD in euthyroid subjects. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2012;32(1):47\u201352.","journal-title":"J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1977_CR40","first-page":"584","volume":"16","author":"A Eshraghian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eshraghian A, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Eshraghian H, Fattahi MR, Omrani GR. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a cluster of Iranian population: thyroid status and metabolic risk factors. Arch Iran Med. 2013;16(10):584\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1977_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800.2014.987399","volume":"40","author":"G Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu G, Zheng X, Guan L, Jiang Z, Lin H, Jiang Q, et al. Free Triiodothyronine levels are positively associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in euthyroid middle-aged subjects. Endocr Res. 2015;40(4):188\u201393.","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1977_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800.2014.952014","volume":"40","author":"Y Tao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tao Y, Gu H, Wu J, Sui J. Thyroid function is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in euthyroid subjects. Endocr Res. 2015;40(2):74\u20138.","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1977_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2016(04)08","volume":"71","author":"FY G\u00f6kmen","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00f6kmen FY, Ahbab S, Atao\u011flu HE, T\u00fcrker B, \u00c7etin F, T\u00fcrker F, et al. FT3\/FT4 ratio predicts non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of metabolic parameters in patients with euthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Clin (Sao Paulo). 2016;71(4):221\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"1977_CR44","first-page":"A556","volume":"64","author":"E van den Berg","year":"2016","unstructured":"van den Berg E, van Tienhoven-Wind L, Amini M, Alizadeh BZ, Schreuder T, Faber KN, et al. Free Triiodothyronine as determinant of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in euthyroid subjects: the lifelines cohort study. Hepatology. 2016;64:A556\u2013A.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1977_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0012.3136","volume":"17","author":"Y Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang W, Yu X, Qi X. Thyroid function and risk of Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease in euthyroid subjects. Ann Hepatol. 2018;17(5):779\u201388.","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1977_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-2006-2","volume":"57","author":"MR Pagadala","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pagadala MR, Zein CO, Dasarathy S, Yerian LM, Lopez R, McCullough AJ. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57(2):528\u201334.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1977_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2015.21.4.372","volume":"21","author":"KW Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee KW, Bang KB, Rhee EJ, Kwon HJ, Lee MY, Cho YK. Impact of hypothyroidism on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A 4-year retrospective cohort study. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2015;21(4):372\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1977_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1300","volume":"101","author":"A Bano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bano A, Chaker L, Plompen EP, Hofman A, Dehghan A, Franco OH, et al. Thyroid function and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the Rotterdam study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(8):3204\u201311.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"1977_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000654","volume":"115","author":"D Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim D, Vazquez-Montesino LM, Escober JA, Fernandes CT, Cholankeril G, Loomba R, et al. Low thyroid function in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent predictor of All-Cause and cardiovascular mortality. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(9):1496\u2013504.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1977_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S151","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-200910003-00404","volume":"104","author":"M Pagadala","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pagadala M, Dasarathy S, Lopez R, Zein C, McCullough A. Assessment of the prevalence of hypothyroidism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:S151\u2013S.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1977_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105227","volume":"18","author":"O Juanola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Juanola O, Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez S, Franc\u00e9s R, G\u00f3mez-Hurtado I. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: metabolic, genetic, epigenetic and environmental risk factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(10):5227.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1977_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0279","volume":"22","author":"T Ittermann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ittermann T, Haring R, Wallaschofski H, Baumeister SE, Nauck M, D\u00f6rr M, et al. Inverse association between serum free thyroxine levels and hepatic steatosis: results from the study of health in Pomerania. Thyroid. 2012;22(6):568\u201374.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"4","key":"1977_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2015.21.4.372","volume":"21","author":"KW Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee KW, Bang KB, Rhee EJ, Kwon HJ, Lee MY, Cho YK. Impact of hypothyroidism on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A 4-year retrospective cohort study. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2015;21(4):372.","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1977_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.103","volume":"12","author":"T Geach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Geach T. Thyroid function: poor thyroid function linked to NAFLD. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016;12(8):434.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1977_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.015","volume":"184","author":"R Loomba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Loomba R, Friedman SL, Shulman GI. Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell. 2021;184(10):2537\u201364.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63381-5","volume":"14","author":"S Arefhosseini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arefhosseini S, Aghajani T, Tutunchi H, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Association of systemic inflammatory indices with anthropometric measures, metabolic factors, and liver function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):12829.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"1977_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60047","volume":"122","author":"GA Brent","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brent GA. Mechanisms of thyroid hormone action. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(9):3035\u201343.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"1977_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0019","volume":"29","author":"B Gereben","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gereben B, Zavacki AM, Ribich S, Kim BW, Huang SA, Simonides WS, et al. Cellular and molecular basis of deiodinase-regulated thyroid hormone signaling. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(7):898\u2013938.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"1977_CR59","unstructured":"Pirahanchi Y, Toro F, Jialal I, Physiology. Thyroid stimulating hormone. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls publishing copyright \u00a9 2024. StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2024."},{"issue":"2","key":"1977_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2013","volume":"94","author":"R Mullur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mullur R, Liu YY, Brent GA. Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2014;94(2):355\u201382.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R29","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-12-0068","volume":"49","author":"A Warner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Warner A, Mittag J. Thyroid hormone and the central control of homeostasis. J Mol Endocrinol. 2012;49(1):R29\u201335.","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1977_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601361","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/601361","volume":"2013","author":"HC Chi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chi HC, Chen CY, Tsai MM, Tsai CY, Lin KH. Molecular functions of thyroid hormones and their clinical significance in liver-related diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:601361.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"1977_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seifert J, Chen Y, Sch\u00f6ning W, Mai K, Tacke F, Spranger J, et al. Hepatic energy metabolism under the local control of the thyroid hormone system. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(5):4861.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054861"},{"key":"1977_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00570-y","volume":"12","author":"AF Godoy-Matos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Godoy-Matos AF, Silva J\u00fanior WS, Valerio CM. NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12:60.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05059-5","volume":"13","author":"H Tutunchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tutunchi H, Saghafi-Asl M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ostadrahimi A. The relationship between severity of liver steatosis and metabolic parameters in a sample of Iranian adults. BMC Res Notes. 2020;13(1):218.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"6","key":"1977_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2021.101754","volume":"45","author":"H Tutunchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tutunchi H, Naeini F, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Najafipour F, Mobasseri M, Ostadrahimi A. Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity and the progression of liver fibrosis: A cross-sectional study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2021;45(6):101754.","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1977_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1381\/096089204323013514","volume":"14","author":"Y Raftopoulos","year":"2004","unstructured":"Raftopoulos Y, Gagn\u00e9 DJ, Papasavas P, Hayetian F, Maurer J, Bononi P, Caushaj PF. Improvement of hypothyroidism after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Obes Surg. 2004;14(4):509\u201313.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1977_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3444","volume":"101","author":"AK Loomis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loomis AK, Kabadi S, Preiss D, Hyde C, Bonato V, St. Louis M, et al. Body mass index and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: two electronic health record prospective studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism. 2016;101(3):945\u201352.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"1977_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2020.00027","volume":"8","author":"T Kizivat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kizivat T, Maric I, Mudri D, Curcic IB, Primorac D, Smolic M. Hypothyroidism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathophysiological associations and therapeutic implications. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2020;8(3):347\u201353.","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"1977_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brent G, Davies T. Hypothyroidism and Thyroiditis. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 2011:406\u2013\u200939.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0324-5.00013-4"},{"issue":"10","key":"1977_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.10.3025","volume":"51","author":"C Anderwald","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anderwald C, Bernroider E, Krssak M, Stingl H, Brehm A, Bischof MG, et al. Effects of insulin treatment in type 2 diabetic patients on intracellular lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 2002;51(10):3025\u201332.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-023-06516-7","volume":"16","author":"A Ostadrahimi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ostadrahimi A, Manzari T, Gohari-Lasaki S, Tutunchi H, Mobasseri M, Sadra V, Najafipour F. Effects of Levothyroxine replacement therapy on insulin resistance in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism. BMC Res Notes. 2023;16(1):237.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"8","key":"1977_CR73","first-page":"e28052","volume":"14","author":"V Bikeyeva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bikeyeva V, Abdullah A, Radivojevic A, Abu Jad AA, Ravanavena A, Ravindra C, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hypothyroidism: what you need to know. Cureus. 2022;14(8):e28052.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"1977_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.017","volume":"148","author":"VT Samuel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Samuel VT, Shulman GI. Mechanisms for insulin resistance: common threads and missing links. Cell. 2012;148(5):852\u201371.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"1977_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24001","volume":"52","author":"H Tilg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tilg H, Moschen AR. Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis. Hepatology. 2010;52(5):1836\u201346.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1977_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133649","volume":"11","author":"R Palma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Palma R, Pronio A, Romeo M, Scognamiglio F, Ventriglia L, Ormando VM, et al. The role of insulin resistance in fueling NAFLD pathogenesis: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. J Clin Med. 2022;11:13.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"45","key":"1977_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8238","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i45.8238","volume":"19","author":"YY Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang YY, Gusdon AM, Qu S. Cross-talk between the thyroid and liver: a new target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(45):8238\u201346.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1977_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mavromati M, Jornayvaz FR. Review hypothyroidism-associated dyslipidemia: potential molecular mechanisms leading to NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(23):12797.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312797"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1559","volume":"154","author":"K Hashimoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hashimoto K, Ishida E, Miura A, Ozawa A, Shibusawa N, Satoh T, et al. Human stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) gene expression is negatively regulated by thyroid hormone without direct binding of thyroid hormone receptor to the gene promoter. Endocrinology. 2013;154(1):537\u201349.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1977_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-022-02728-5","volume":"23","author":"A de Mendoza","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Mendoza A, Nguyen TV, Ford E, Poppe D, Buckberry S, Pflueger J, et al. Large-scale manipulation of promoter DNA methylation reveals context-specific transcriptional responses and stability. Genome Biol. 2022;23(1):163.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1977_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.05.003","volume":"5","author":"T Inagaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Inagaki T, Dutchak P, Zhao G, Ding X, Gautron L, Parameswara V, et al. Endocrine regulation of the fasting response by PPARalpha-mediated induction of fibroblast growth factor 21. Cell Metab. 2007;5(6):415\u201325.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"45","key":"1977_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16251","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508556102","volume":"102","author":"O Araki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Araki O, Ying H, Furuya F, Zhu X, Cheng SY. Thyroid hormone receptor beta mutants: dominant negative regulators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(45):16251\u20136.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"39","key":"1977_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15490","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702759104","volume":"104","author":"MD Erion","year":"2007","unstructured":"Erion MD, Cable EE, Ito BR, Jiang H, Fujitaki JM, Finn PD, et al. Targeting thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonists to the liver reduces cholesterol and triglycerides and improves the therapeutic index. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(39):15490\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1977_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914605","volume":"24","author":"P Vidal-Cevallos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vidal-Cevallos P, Mur\u00faa-Beltr\u00e1n Gall S, Uribe M, Ch\u00e1vez-Tapia NC. Understanding the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and thyroid disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:19.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1977_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6757154","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6757154","volume":"2016","author":"A Mancini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mancini A, Di Segni C, Raimondo S, Olivieri G, Silvestrini A, Meucci E, Curr\u00f2 D. Thyroid hormones, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016:6757154.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"3","key":"1977_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00519-y","volume":"12","author":"ID Vachliotis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vachliotis ID, Polyzos SA. The role of tumor necrosis Factor-Alpha in the pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Obes Rep. 2023;12(3):191\u2013206.","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"1977_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.11.006","volume":"65","author":"SA Polyzos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Mantzoros CS. Adipokines in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism. 2016;65(8):1062\u201379.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"10","key":"1977_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14555","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14555","volume":"75","author":"H Tutunchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tutunchi H, Mobasseri M, Aghamohammadzadeh N, Hooshyar J, Naeini F, Najafipour F. Serum neuregulin 4 (NRG-4) level and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A case-control study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(10):e14555.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"1977_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1091981","volume":"28","author":"J Jou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jou J, Choi SS, Diehl AM. Mechanisms of disease progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 2008;28(4):370\u20139.","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"5290","key":"1977_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5290.1185","volume":"274","author":"B Cohen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cohen B, Novick D, Rubinstein M. Modulation of insulin activities by leptin. Science. 1996;274(5290):1185\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"1977_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04405.x","volume":"32","author":"A Gastaldelli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gastaldelli A, Harrison S, Belfort-Aguiar R, Hardies J, Balas B, Schenker S, Cusi K. Pioglitazone in the treatment of NASH: the role of adiponectin. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;32(6):769\u201375.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1977_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1758","volume":"45","author":"S Gancheva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gancheva S, Kahl S, Pesta D, Mastrototaro L, Dewidar B, Strassburger K, et al. Impaired hepatic mitochondrial capacity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis associated with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(4):928\u201337.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"37","key":"1977_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5274","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.136","volume":"36","author":"HC Chi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chi HC, Chen SL, Lin SL, Tsai CY, Chuang WY, Lin YH, et al. Thyroid hormone protects hepatocytes from HBx-induced carcinogenesis by enhancing mitochondrial turnover. Oncogene. 2017;36(37):5274\u201384.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"12","key":"1977_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1230583","volume":"12","author":"H-C Chi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chi H-C, Chen S-L, Tsai C-Y, Chuang W-Y, Huang Y-H, Tsai M-M, et al. Thyroid hormone suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis via DAPK2 and SQSTM1-dependent selective autophagy. Autophagy. 2016;12(12):2271\u201385.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"536","key":"1977_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaam5855","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aam5855","volume":"11","author":"BK Singh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh BK, Sinha RA, Tripathi M, Mendoza A, Ohba K, Sy JA, et al. Thyroid hormone receptor and ERR\u03b1 coordinately regulate mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, biogenesis, and function. Sci Signal. 2018;11(536):eaam5855.","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"12","key":"1977_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.1899691","volume":"17","author":"J Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou J, Singh BK, Ho JP, Lim A, Bruinstroop E, Ohba K, et al. MED1 mediator subunit is a key regulator of hepatic autophagy and lipid metabolism. Autophagy. 2021;17(12):4043\u201361.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"1977_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0517-x","volume":"26","author":"H-C Chi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chi H-C, Tsai C-Y, Tsai M-M, Yeh C-T, Lin K-H. Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases. J Biomed Sci. 2019;26:1\u201315.","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1977_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad072","volume":"108","author":"L Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li L, Song Y, Shi Y, Sun L. Thyroid hormone Receptor-\u03b2 agonists in NAFLD therapy: possibilities and challenges. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(7):1602\u201313.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-01977-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-025-01977-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-01977-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1751364351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12902-025-01977-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-025-01977-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Science (IR.TBZMED.REC.1402.617).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"154"}}