{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T23:40:41Z","timestamp":1783381241443,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and promoting weight loss, but not all patients respond similarly. This study aimed to identify predictors of significant weight reduction at 6 months in T2DM patients treated with liraglutide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective analysis was conducted on 209 T2DM adults prescribed liraglutide at the Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. Patients who could not tolerate or did not complete titration to 3.0\u00a0mg daily were excluded. Demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Logistic regression was used to identify clinical and biochemical factors associated with significant weight reduction (\u2265\u20095% at 6 months), presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 209 patients, 27.3% achieved significant weight reduction. Lower baseline body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.25,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036) and greater weight loss at 3 months (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.67\u20133.03,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were significant predictors of weight reduction at 6 months, after adjusting for age, sex, baseline HbA1c, creatinine, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and concomitant medications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower baseline BMI and early weight loss at 3 months predict significant weight reduction with liraglutide therapy. Identifying these simple, accessible predictors can improve patient selection and optimize weight control outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-025-02066-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T10:05:20Z","timestamp":1761213920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predictors of weight reduction effectiveness with liraglutide in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Pitsinee","family":"Wangpattanamongkol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Worapaka","family":"Manosroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2066_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155217","volume":"133","author":"C Boutari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boutari C, Mantzoros CS. A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: as its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on. Metabolism. 2022;133:155217.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"2066_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00316-4","volume":"13","author":"F Rubino","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rubino F, Cummings DE, Eckel RH, Cohen RV, Wilding JPH, Brown WA, et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;13(3):221\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"38","key":"2066_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae508","volume":"45","author":"KC Koskinas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koskinas KC, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Antoniades C, Bl\u00fcher M, Gorter TM, Hanssen H, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: an ESC clinical consensus statement. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(38):4063\u201398.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2066_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-015-0353-9","volume":"6","author":"JD Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown JD, Buscemi J, Milsom V, Malcolm R, O\u2019Neil PM. Effects on cardiovascular risk factors of weight losses limited to 5\u201310. Transl Behav Med. 2016;6(3):339\u201346.","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"key":"2066_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102782","author":"N Alfaris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alfaris N, Waldrop S, Johnson V, Boaventura B, Kendrick K, Stanford FC. GLP-1 single, dual, and triple receptor agonists for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity: a narrative review. eClinicalMedicine. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102782.","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"Supplement1","key":"2066_CR6","first-page":"S181","volume":"48","author":"ADAPP Committee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Committee ADAPP. 9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of care in Diabetes\u20142025. Diabetes Care. 2024;48(Supplement1):S181\u2013206.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"2066_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.158","volume":"36","author":"A Astrup","year":"2012","unstructured":"Astrup A, Carraro R, Finer N, Harper A, Kunesova M, Lean ME, et al. Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide. 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J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2012;52(4):466\u201371.","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02066-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02066-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02066-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:40:27Z","timestamp":1781613627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02066-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02066-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Ethical Committee (Ethical number: MED 2566-0043, Date of approval: 17 March 2023) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"240"}}