{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T16:29:11Z","timestamp":1766507351492,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-025-02103-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T14:06:40Z","timestamp":1766498800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between the null polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zitong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youyi","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingxi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shangshang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10448","key":"2103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00825-0","volume":"404","author":"A Sweeting","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sweeting A, Hannah W, Backman H, Catalano P, Feghali M, Herman WH, Hivert M-F, Immanuel J, Meek C, Oppermann ML, et al. Epidemiology and management of gestational diabetes. Lancet. 2024;404(10448):175\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"2103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5736","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195736","volume":"11","author":"R Modzelewski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Modzelewski R, Stefanowicz-Rutkowska MM, Matuszewski W, Bandurska-Stankiewicz EM. Gestational diabetes Mellitus\u2014Recent literature review. J Clin Med. 2022;11(19):5736.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2103_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22418","volume":"81","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu X, Nianogo RA, Janzen C, Fei Z, Seamans MJ, Wen R, Li X, Chen L. Association between gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertension: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of cohort studies with a quantitative bias analysis of uncontrolled confounding. Hypertension. 2024;81(6):1257\u201368.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"9677","key":"2103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60731-5","volume":"373","author":"L Bellamy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bellamy L, Casas J-P, Hingorani AD, Williams D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;373(9677):1773\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2103_CR5","first-page":"6303820","volume":"2020","author":"D Yao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yao D, Chang Q, Wu Q-J, Gao S-Y, Zhao H, Liu Y-S, Jiang Y-T, Zhao Y-H. Relationship between maternal central obesity and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of cohort studies. J Diabetes Res. 2020;2020(1):6303820.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"2103_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e067946","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-067946","volume":"377","author":"W Ye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ye W, Luo C, Huang J, Li C, Liu Z, Liu F. Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2022;377:e067946.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2103_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2011.08.014","volume":"28","author":"M Carolan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carolan M, Davey M-A, Biro MA, Kealy M. Maternal age, ethnicity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Midwifery. 2012;28(6):778\u201383.","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"2103_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00636","volume":"11","author":"G Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li G, Wei T, Ni W, Zhang A, Zhang J, Xing Y, Xing Q. Incidence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study in Qingdao, China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:636.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2103_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2011.01292.x","volume":"51","author":"WT Teh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teh WT, Teede HJ, Paul E, Harrison CL, Wallace EM, Allan C. Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: implications for the application of screening guidelines. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;51(1):26\u201330.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2103_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0560","volume":"17","author":"L Chasan-Taber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chasan-Taber L, Schmidt MD, Pekow P, Sternfeld B, Manson JE, Solomon CG, Braun B, Markenson G. Physical activity and gestational diabetes mellitus among Hispanic women. J Women\u2019s Health. 2008;17(6):999\u20131008.","journal-title":"J Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"2103_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Ren X, He L, Li J, Zhang S, Chen W. Maternal age and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 120 million participants. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;162.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108044"},{"issue":"12","key":"2103_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3765","volume":"15","author":"M Lappas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lappas M, Hiden U, Desoye G, Froehlich J, Hauguel-de Mouzon S, Jawerbaum A. The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011;15(12):3061\u2013100.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"2103_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saucedo R, Ortega-Camarillo C, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, D\u00edaz-Vel\u00e1zquez MF, Meixueiro-Calder\u00f3n C, Valencia-Ortega J. Role of oxidative stress and inflammation in gestational diabetes mellitus. Antioxid (Basel). 2023;12(10).","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12101812"},{"issue":"4","key":"2103_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2024.101482","volume":"12","author":"SM Alnasser","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alnasser SM. The role of glutathione S-transferases in human disease pathogenesis and their current inhibitors. Genes Dis. 2025;12(4):101482.","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"2103_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457230","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1457230","volume":"15","author":"P Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li P, Li D, Lu Y, Pan S, Cheng F, Li S, Zhang X, Huo J, Liu D, Liu Z. GSTT1\/GSTM1 deficiency aggravated cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury via ROS-triggered ferroptosis. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1457230.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2103_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.139428","volume":"54","author":"Y Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang Y, Parsons KK, Chi L, Malakauskas SM, Le TH. Glutathione S-transferase-micro1 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress. Hypertension. 2009;54(6):1360\u20138.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2103_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2024.148746","volume":"928","author":"A Shamsad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shamsad A, Gautam T, Singh R, Banerjee M. Association of mRNA expression and polymorphism of antioxidant glutathione-S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) genes with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Gene. 2024;928:148746.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"2","key":"2103_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.08.043","volume":"530","author":"ST Tang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tang ST, Wang CJ, Tang HQ, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Evaluation of glutathione S-transferase genetic variants affecting type 2 diabetes susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Gene. 2013;530(2):301\u20138.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"1","key":"2103_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399814666171215120228","volume":"15","author":"S Nath","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nath S, Das S, Bhowmik A, Ghosh SK, Choudhury Y. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increase the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and the subsequent development of diabetic complications: A Meta-analysis. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2019;15(1):31\u201343.","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2103_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0286","volume":"169","author":"H Huopio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huopio H, Cederberg H, Vangipurapu J, Hakkarainen H, P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen M, Kuulasmaa T, Heinonen S, Laakso M. Association of risk variants for type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia with gestational diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;169(3):291\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2103_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac050","volume":"31","author":"N Pervjakova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pervjakova N, Moen GH, Borges MC, Ferreira T, Cook JP, Allard C, Beaumont RN, Canouil M, Hatem G, Heiskala A, et al. Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of gestational diabetes mellitus highlights genetic links with type 2 diabetes. Hum Mol Genet. 2022;31(19):3377\u201391.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2103_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4103\/mmj.mmj_258_19","volume":"34","author":"NF Barseem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barseem NF, Dawood RM, Dawoud SF, Abou El-Ella SS. Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) polymorphisms\u2019 relationship between glycemic control of diabetic mothers and their infants. Menoufia Med J. 2021;34(1):231\u20136.","journal-title":"Menoufia Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2103_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e021921191604","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399817666210219124628","volume":"18","author":"NF Barseem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barseem NF, Khattab E, Dawood R, Mohamed S. GST T1, M1, and IRS-1 G972R genetic variants association to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Egyptian women: linkage to maternal hyperglycemia. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2022;18(2):e021921191604.","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2103_CR24","first-page":"15191","volume":"8","author":"Y Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Y, Li S, Zhai Q, Hai J, Wang D, Cao M, Zhang Q. Association of GSTs polymorphisms with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(11):15191\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2103_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1757062","volume":"35","author":"N Montazeri-Najafabady","year":"2022","unstructured":"Montazeri-Najafabady N, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Namavar Jahromi B, Chatrabnous N, Chatrsimin F. The impact of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on susceptibility to gestational diabetes in Iranian population. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(8):1451\u20136.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2103_CR26","first-page":"300","volume":"63","author":"O Orhan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Orhan O, Atalay MA, Orhan F, Karkucak M, Centinkaya Demir B, Yakut T, Cengiz C. Glutathione s-transferase m1 and t1 gene polymorphisms are not associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus development. West Indian Med J. 2014;63(4):300\u20136.","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"2103_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu YH, Xu YL, Zhang WH. Effect of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 IIe105Val polymorphisms on susceptiblity to gestational diabetes mellitus. Genet Mol Res. 2016;15(2).","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15027711"},{"key":"2103_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"issue":"7414","key":"2103_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557\u201360.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2103_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","unstructured":"DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7(3):177\u201388.","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"2103_CR31","first-page":"719","volume":"22","author":"N Mantel","year":"1959","unstructured":"Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1959;22(4):719\u201348.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"8","key":"2103_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780070807","volume":"7","author":"RF Galbraith","year":"1988","unstructured":"Galbraith RF. A note on graphical presentation of estimated odds ratios from several clinical trials. Stat Med. 1988;7(8):889\u201394.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2103_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1988.10488400","volume":"30","author":"RF Galbraith","year":"1988","unstructured":"Galbraith RF. Graphical display of estimates having differing standard errors. Technometrics. 1988;30(3):271\u201381.","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"issue":"428","key":"2103_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1994.10476864","volume":"89","author":"RF Galbraith","year":"1994","unstructured":"Galbraith RF. Some applications of radial plots. J Am Stat Assoc. 1994;89(428):1232\u201342.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2103_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446","volume":"50","author":"CB Begg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics. 1994;50(4):1088\u2013101.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"7109","key":"2103_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629\u201334.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2103_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-017-9767-0","volume":"20","author":"PE Ekmekci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ekmekci PE. An increasing problem in publication ethics: publication bias and editors\u2019 role in avoiding it. Med Health Care Philos. 2017;20(2):171\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Health Care Philos"},{"issue":"10","key":"2103_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440100097014","volume":"263","author":"K Dickersin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dickersin K. The existence of publication bias and risk factors for its occurrence. JAMA. 1990;263(10):1385\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2103_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d4002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","volume":"343","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JPA, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J, Carpenter J, R\u00fccker G, Harbord RM, Schmid CH, et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d4002.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6965","key":"2103_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6965.1351","volume":"309","author":"SG Thompson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Thompson SG. Why sources of heterogeneity in meta-analysis should be investigated. BMJ. 1994;309(6965):1351\u20135.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2103_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13159","volume":"26","author":"L Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin L. Comparison of four heterogeneity measures for meta-analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2020;26(1):376\u201384.","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2103_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxn010","volume":"10","author":"S Geneletti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Geneletti S, Richardson S, Best N. Adjusting for selection bias in retrospective, case\u2013control studies. Biostatistics. 2008;10(1):17\u201331.","journal-title":"Biostatistics"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02103-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02103-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02103-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T14:06:42Z","timestamp":1766498802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02103-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02103-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"282"}}