{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:05:09Z","timestamp":1792188309750,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-025-02140-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T02:54:11Z","timestamp":1766717651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Postoperative hungry bone syndrome in primary hyperparathyroidism: risk factors and outcomes at a South African tertiary centre"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6720-8450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran M.","family":"Paruk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Govind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fraser J.","family":"Pirie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha A.","family":"Motala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2140_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walker MD, Silverberg SJ. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(2):115\u201325. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2017.104","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.104"},{"key":"2140_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pradeep PV, Jayashree B, Mishra A, Mishra SK. Systematic review of primary hyperparathyroidism in India: the past, present, and the future trends. Int J Endocrinol. 2011 [cited 2025 Jun 16];2011:921814. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3124672\/","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/921814"},{"key":"2140_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasarttong-Osoth P, Wathanaoran P, Imruetaicharoenchoke W, Rojananin S. Primary hyperparathyroidism: 11-year experience in a single Institute in Thailand. Int J Endocrinol. 2012;2012(January 1997).","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/952426"},{"key":"2140_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nouikes Zitouni S. Monocentric experience of primary hyperparathyroidism surgery in Algeria. Surg Open Sci. 2021 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Jun 15];4:32. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7966862\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sopen.2021.02.002"},{"key":"2140_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zarebczan B, Chen H. Influence of Surgical Volume on Operative Failures for Hyperparathyroidism. Adv Surg. 2011 Sep [cited 2025 Jun 16];45(1):237. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3224988\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2011.03.003"},{"key":"2140_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Witteveen JE, van Thiel S, Romijn JA, Hamdy NA, THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE, DISEASE. Hungry bone syndrome: still a challenge in the post-operative management of primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review of the literature. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013 Mar 1 [cited 2023 Sep 26];168(3):R45\u201353. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-12-0528","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0528"},{"issue":"4","key":"2140_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90100-3","volume":"84","author":"AR Brasier","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brasier AR, Nussbaum SR. Hungry bone syndrome: clinical and biochemical predictors of its occurrence after parathyroid surgery. Am J Med. 1988;84(4):654\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2140_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaderli RM, Riss P, Geroldinger A, Selberherr A, Scheuba C, Niederle B. Primary hyperparathyroidism: dynamic postoperative metabolic changes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Jun 15];88(1):129\u201338. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.13476","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13476"},{"issue":"1","key":"2140_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2478\/enr-2021-0005","volume":"55","author":"JL Ferreira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferreira JL, de Brito Marques F, Freire L, Soares V, Guerreiro L, Silva S, et al. Intensive calcium monitoring improves outcomes on hungry bone syndrome in hyperparathyroidism. Endocr Regul. 2021;55(1):30\u201341.","journal-title":"Endocr Regul"},{"issue":"5","key":"2140_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endinu.2019.05.011","volume":"67","author":"AJ Guill\u00e9n Mart\u00ednez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guill\u00e9n Mart\u00ednez AJ, Smilg Nicol\u00e1s C, Moraleda Deleito J, Guill\u00e9n Mart\u00ednez S, Garc\u00eda-Purri\u00f1os Garc\u00eda F. Risk factors and evolution of calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in hungry bone syndrome after parthyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocrinol Diabetes Y Nutr. 2020;67(5):310\u20136.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Y Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2140_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.32412\/pjohns.v32i2.59","volume":"32","author":"RZM Padilla-Baraoidan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Padilla-Baraoidan RZM, Capuli-Isidro MJ, Cudal BIB, Embestro-Pontillas AA. Hungry bone syndrome (HBS) in patients operated for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT): A Six-Year experience. Philipp J Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2018;32(2):11\u20136.","journal-title":"Philipp J Otolaryngol Neck Surg"},{"key":"2140_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hadi M, Mansouri A, Seyedyousefi S, Salehidoost R. The effect of preoperative biochemical parameters on the development of hungry bone syndrome after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2025 [cited 2025 Jun 15]; Available from: \/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.15268","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15268"},{"key":"2140_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salman MAA, Rabiee A, Salman AA, Youssef A, Shaaban HED, Ftohy T, et al. Role of vitamin D supplements in prevention of hungry bone syndrome after successful parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism: A prospective study. Scand J Surg. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 15];110(3):329\u201334. Available from: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/epub\/10.1177\/1457496920962601","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496920962601"},{"issue":"1","key":"2140_CR14","first-page":"45","volume":"25","author":"M Jakubauskas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jakubauskas M, Bei\u0161a V, Strupas K. Risk factors of developing the hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. Acta Med Litu. 2018;25(1):45\u201351.","journal-title":"Acta Med Litu"},{"key":"2140_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaya C, Tam AA, Diriko\u00e7 A, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7yazgan A, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 M, T\u00fcrk\u00f6lmez \u015e et al. Hypocalcemia development in patients operated for primary hyperparathyroidism: Can it be predicted preoperatively? Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016 [cited 2025 Jun 15];60(5):465. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10118644\/","DOI":"10.1590\/2359-3997000000207"},{"key":"2140_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayilvaganan S, Vijaya Sarathi H, Shivaprasad C. Preoperative zoledronic acid therapy prevent hungry bone syndrome in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Jun 15];21(1):76\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/indjem\/fulltext\/2017\/21010\/preoperative_zoledronic_acid_therapy_prevent.14.aspx","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.196023"},{"key":"2140_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chandran M, Bilezikian JP, Salleh NM, Ying H, Lau J, Lee J et al. Hungry bone syndrome following parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism in a developed country in the Asia Pacific. A cohort study. Osteoporos Sarcopenia. 2022;8(1):11\u20136. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.afos.2022.03.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afos.2022.03.004"},{"issue":"5","key":"2140_CR18","first-page":"394","volume":"62","author":"UH Malabu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Malabu UH, Founda MA. Primary hyperparathyroidism in Saudi arabia: a review of 46 cases. Med J Malaysia. 2007;62(5):394\u20137.","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2140_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.814","volume":"7","author":"AL Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang AL, Aunins B, Chang K, Wang JC, Hagen M, Jiang L, et al. A multi-institutional study evaluating and describing atypical parathyroid tumors discovered after parathyroidectomy. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2022;7(3):901\u20135.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2140_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carsote M, Nistor C. Forestalling hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy in patients with primary and renal hyperparathyroidism. Diagnostics. 2023;13(11).","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13111953"},{"key":"2140_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Govind K, Paruk IM, Motala AA, Characteristics. management and outcomes of primary hyperparathyroidism from 2009 to 2021: a single centre report from South Africa. BMC Endocr Disord. 2024 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Jul 12];24(1):53. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11044279\/","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01583-8"},{"key":"2140_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang M, Chen B, Zou X, Wei T, Gong R, Zhu J et al. A Nomogram to Predict Hungry Bone Syndrome After Parathyroidectomy in Patients With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. J Surg Res. 2020;255(37):33\u201341. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2020.05.036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.05.036"},{"key":"2140_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gautam A, Bhadada S, Bhansali A, Dahiya D, Behera A, Saikia UN et al. Impact of preoperative zoledronic acid on hungry bone syndrome and bone health indices in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism after curative parathyroidectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Endocr Abstr. 2022 May 7 [cited 2025 Nov 8];81. Available from: https:\/\/www.endocrine-abstracts.org\/ea\/0081\/ea0081oc8.3","DOI":"10.1530\/endoabs.81.OC8.3"},{"key":"2140_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee I, Te, Sheu WHH, Tu S, Te, Kuo SW, Pei D. Bisphosphonate pretreatment attenuates hungry bone syndrome postoperatively in subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Metab. 2006 May [cited 2025 Jun 21];24(3):255\u20138. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16622740\/","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-005-0680-x"},{"issue":"2","key":"2140_CR25","first-page":"124","volume":"51","author":"TCPT de Fran\u00e7a","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Fran\u00e7a TCPT, Griz L, Pinho J, Diniz ET, de Andrade LD, Lucena CS, et al. Bisphosphonates can reduce bone hunger after parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and osteitis fibrosa cystica. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2011;51(2):124\u201330.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol"},{"key":"2140_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silverberg SJ, Vitamin D, Deficiency, and Primary Hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Aug 10];22(S2):V100\u20134. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.07s202","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.07s202"},{"key":"2140_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rolighed L, Rejnmark L, Sikjaer T, Heickendorff L, Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L et al. No beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function or quality of life in primary hyperparathyroidism: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 May 1 [cited 2025 Jun 21];172(5):609\u201317. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25646406\/","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0940"},{"key":"2140_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Randle RW, Balentine CJ, Wendt E, Schneider DF, Chen H, Sippel RS. Should Vitamin D deficiency be corrected before parathyroidectomy? J Surg Res. 2016 Jul 1 [cited 2025 Jun 21];204(1):94\u2013100. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27451873\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.04.022"},{"key":"2140_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christakos S, Dhawan P, Porta A, Mady LJ, Seth T. Vitamin D and intestinal calcium absorption. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 Dec 5 [cited 2025 Jun 24];347(1\u20132):25\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0303720711002930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.05.038"},{"issue":"2","key":"2140_CR30","first-page":"73","volume":"14","author":"AN Maldar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maldar AN, Shah NF, Chauhan PH, Lala M, Kirtane MV, Chadha M. Differences in the presentation and outcome between premenopausal and postmenopausal primary hyperparathyroidism Indian women: A Single-Center experience. J Midlife Health. 2023;14(2):73\u201380.","journal-title":"J Midlife Health"},{"key":"2140_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L, Zhang X, Hu F, Yuan H, Gao Z, He L et al. Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery program for hungry bone syndrome in patients on maintenance hemodialysis undergoing parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2022 Nov 1 [cited 2025 Jun 20];103(5):264\u201370. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36452310\/","DOI":"10.4174\/astr.2022.103.5.264"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02140-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02140-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02140-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T12:17:32Z","timestamp":1770034652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02140-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02140-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval for this retrospective study was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BREC), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) (approval number: BREC\/00006275\/2023). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized\/de-identified data. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"27"}}