{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T20:42:29Z","timestamp":1767040949636,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["No. 2023ZD0508100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2023ZD0508100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-025-02141-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T10:54:16Z","timestamp":1766400856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF) is associated with arterial stiffness progression in Type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study of China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruili","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"2141_CR1","first-page":"00218","volume":"S2213\u20138587","author":"GA Gregory","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gregory GA, Robinson TIG, Linklater SE, Wang F, Colagiuri S, de Beaufort C, et al. Global incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in 2021 with projection to 2040: a modelling study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;S2213\u20138587(22):00218\u20132.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2141_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02030-z","volume":"22","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Xiao S, Jiao X, Shen Y. The triglyceride-glucose index is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in CVD patients with diabetes or pre-diabetes: evidence from NHANES 2001\u20132018. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22:279.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2141_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.22208","volume":"326","author":"L Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang L, Peng W, Zhao Z, Zhang M, Shi Z, Song Z, et al. Prevalence and treatment of diabetes in China, 2013\u20132018. JAMA. 2021;326:2498\u2013506.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2141_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1825","volume":"33","author":"MC Amato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amato MC, Giordano C, Galia M, Criscimanna A, Vitabile S, Midiri M, et al. Visceral adiposity index: a reliable indicator of visceral fat function associated with cardiometabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:920\u20132.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2141_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e535","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00140-X","volume":"4","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Chen C, Zhou J, Ye L, Li Y, Xu L, et al. Healthy lifestyle in late-life, longevity genes, and life expectancy among older adults: a 20-year, population-based, prospective cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2023;4:e535\u201343.","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"2141_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.07.012","volume":"74","author":"JA Chirinos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chirinos JA, Segers P, Hughes T, Townsend R. Large-Artery stiffness in health and disease: JACC State-of-the-Art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74:1237\u201363.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2141_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.320796","volume":"131","author":"JB Cohen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cohen JB, Mitchell GF, Gill D, Burgess S, Rahman M, Hanff TC, et al. Arterial stiffness and diabetes risk in Framingham heart study and UK biobank. Circ Res. 2022;131:545\u201354.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2141_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S416668","volume":"16","author":"K Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li K, Cao B, Ke J, Yang L, Zhao D. Association of Hyper-Triglyceridemic waist phenotype and diabetic vascular complication in the Chinese population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther. 2023;16:2233\u201341.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther"},{"key":"2141_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0883","volume":"178","author":"OY Bello-Chavolla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bello-Chavolla OY, Almeda-Valdes P, Gomez-Velasco D, Viveros-Ruiz T, Cruz-Bautista I, Romo-Romo A, et al. METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is predictive of visceral adiposity and incident type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018;178:533\u201344.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2141_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0982-2","volume":"19","author":"J Alizargar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alizargar J, Bai C-H, Hsieh N-C, Wu S-FV. Use of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) in cardiovascular disease patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19:8.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2141_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01971-9","volume":"22","author":"Z Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Z, Gong H, Kan F, Ji N. Association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and the risk of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with heart failure: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22:232.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2141_CR12","first-page":"1613","volume":"39","author":"OY Bello-Chavolla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bello-Chavolla OY, Antonio-Villa NE, Vargas-V\u00e1zquez A, Viveros-Ruiz TL, Almeda-Valdes P, Gomez-Velasco D, et al. Metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF), a novel estimator of intra-abdominal fat content and cardio-metabolic health. Clin Nutr Edinb Scotl. 2020;39:1613\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Edinb Scotl"},{"key":"2141_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12847","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wang W, Ning G. Metabolic management center: an innovation project for the management of metabolic diseases and complications in China. J Diabetes. 2019;11:11\u20133.","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2141_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S002","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl 1):S15\u201333.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2141_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01884-7","volume":"22","author":"Q Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang Q, Shi J, Zhang J, Peng Y, Liu C, Wei X, et al. Visit-to-visit HbA1c variability is associated with aortic stiffness progression in participants with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22:167.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2141_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18498","volume":"79","author":"CRL Cardoso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cardoso CRL, Salles GF. Prognostic value of changes in aortic stiffness for cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in resistant hypertension: a cohort study. Hypertens Dallas Tex. 2022;79:447\u201356.","journal-title":"Hypertens Dallas Tex"},{"key":"2141_CR17","unstructured":"Proust-Lima C, Philipps V, Diakite A, Liquet B, lcmm. Extended Mixed Models Using Latent Classes and Latent Processes. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=lcmm"},{"key":"2141_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-01108-8","volume":"15","author":"K Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li K, Cao B, Dong H, Yang L, Zhao D. Trajectories of glycated hemoglobin of T2DM and progress of arterial stiffness: a prospective study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2023;15:135.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2141_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"JD Mulder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mulder JD. Power analysis for the random intercept Cross-Lagged panel model using the powriclpm R-Package. Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J. 2022;0:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J"},{"key":"2141_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13591","volume":"21","author":"XZ Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu XZ, Fan J, Pan SJ. METS-IR, a novel simple insulin resistance indexes, is associated with hypertension in normal-weight Chinese adults. J Clin Hypertens. 2019;21:1075\u201381.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"2141_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131413","volume":"6","author":"DS Nagin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nagin DS, Odgers CL. Group-Based trajectory modeling in clinical research. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2010;6:109\u201338.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2141_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis TME, Drinkwater JJ, Davis WA. Pulmonary function trajectories over 6 years and their determinants in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II. Diabetes Care. 2024:dc231726.","DOI":"10.2337\/figshare.24910788.v1"},{"key":"2141_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afac071","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac071","volume":"51","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C, Ma Y, Hua R, Zheng F, Xie W. Long-term physical activity participation trajectories were associated with subsequent cognitive decline, risk of dementia and all-cause mortality among adults aged\u2009\u2265\u200950 years: a population-based cohort study. Age Ageing. 2022;51:afac071.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2141_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.8.821","volume":"157","author":"S Cook","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cook S, Weitzman M, Auinger P, Nguyen M, Dietz WH. Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National health and nutrition examination Survey, 1988\u20131994. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157:821.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2141_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01453-4","volume":"21","author":"Y Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan Y, Wang D, Sun Y, Ma Q, Wang K, Liao Y, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index trajectory and arterial stiffness: results from Hanzhong adolescent hypertension cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21:33.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2141_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890500383895","volume":"38","author":"J Despr\u00e9s","year":"2006","unstructured":"Despr\u00e9s J. Is visceral obesity the cause of the metabolic syndrome? Ann Med. 2006;38:52\u201363.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2141_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safar ME, Asmar R, Benetos A, Blacher J, Boutouyrie P, Lacolley P, et al. Interaction between hypertension and arterial stiffness. Hypertens Dallas Tex 1979. 2018;72:796\u2013805.","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11212"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02141-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02141-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02141-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T20:38:19Z","timestamp":1767040699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02141-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-025-02141-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-6823"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Medical Ethics Committee of Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University approved the study protocol (approval number: 2023-LHKY-017-01). All participants provided written informed consent. Ethical conduct was ensured per the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}],"article-number":"288"}}