{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:37:45Z","timestamp":1792787865169,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Appropriate Technology Promotion","award":["T202452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T202452"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-026-02318-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T10:04:34Z","timestamp":1778925874000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Correlation analysis between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity in preconception women"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihua","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peimin","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2318_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049665","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1049665","volume":"13","author":"K Ta\u0144ska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ta\u0144ska K, Gietka-Czernel M, Glinicki P, Kozakowski J. Thyroid autoimmunity and its negative impact on female fertility and maternal pregnancy outcomes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1049665.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2318_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768363","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.768363","volume":"13","author":"I Bucci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bucci I, Giuliani C, Di Dalmazi G, Formoso G, Napolitano G. Thyroid autoimmunity in female infertility and assisted reproductive technology outcome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:768363.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2318_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa302","volume":"105","author":"RK Dhillon-Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhillon-Smith RK, Tobias A, Smith PP, et al. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in women with history of miscarriage or subfertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(8):2667\u201377.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2318_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.10931","volume":"322","author":"TIM Korevaar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Korevaar TIM, Derakhshan A, Taylor PN, et al. Association of thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity with preterm birth. JAMA. 2019;322(7):632\u201341.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2318_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0457","volume":"27","author":"EK Alexander","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, et al. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid. 2017;27(3):315\u201389.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"2318_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9424-1","volume":"18","author":"MF Holick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holick MF. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18(2):153\u201365.","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"17","key":"2318_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9784","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179784","volume":"23","author":"C S\u00eerbe","year":"2022","unstructured":"S\u00eerbe C, Rednic S, Grama A, Pop TL. An update on the effects of vitamin D on the immune system and autoimmune diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(17):9784.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2318_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2023.104866","volume":"132\u2013133","author":"G Daryabor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Daryabor G, Gholijani N, Rezaei Kahmini F. A review of the critical role of vitamin D axis on the immune system. Exp Mol Pathol. 2023;132\u2013133:104866.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"2318_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950465","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.950465","volume":"14","author":"A Ghaseminejad-Raeini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghaseminejad-Raeini A, Ghaderi A, Sharafi A, et al. Immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D in various immune-related disorders: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol. 2023;14:950465.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2318_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102350","volume":"18","author":"G Murdaca","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murdaca G, Tonacci A, Negrini S, et al. Emerging role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases: An update on evidence and therapeutic implications. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18(9):102350.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2318_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2014.55.2.476","volume":"55","author":"DY Shin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shin DY, Kim KJ, Kim D, Hwang S, Lee EJ. Low serum vitamin D is associated with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in autoimmune thyroiditis. Yonsei Med J. 2014;55(2):476\u201381.","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2318_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1425-z","volume":"58","author":"M Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim M, Song E, Oh HS, et al. Vitamin D deficiency affects thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in iodine-replete area: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Endocrine. 2017;58(2):332\u20139.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2318_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260388","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2260388","volume":"2022","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Y, Han B, Zhu C, et al. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis for vitamin D and thyroid peroxidase antibody. Int J Endocrinol. 2022;2022:2260388.","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2318_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3586","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043586","volume":"24","author":"M Babi\u0107 Leko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Babi\u0107 Leko M, Jure\u0161ko I, Rozi\u0107 I, et al. Vitamin D and the thyroid: A critical review of the current evidence. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):3586.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"52","key":"2318_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36759","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036759","volume":"102","author":"J Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang J, Shan S, Li F, Yun P. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on autoantibodies and thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med (Baltim). 2023;102(52):e36759.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2318_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.179997","volume":"20","author":"S Chaudhary","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chaudhary S, Dutta D, Kumar M, et al. Vitamin D supplementation reduces thyroid peroxidase antibody levels in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease: An open-labeled randomized controlled trial. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;20(3):391\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2318_CR17","first-page":"6234","volume":"15","author":"X Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang X, Huang Y, Li Y, et al. Therapeutic effect of vitamin D in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: A prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial in China. Am J Transl Res. 2023;15(10):6234\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"2318_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19541","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19541","volume":"13","author":"D Luo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luo D, Li B, Shan Z, Teng W, Liu Q, Li J. The impacts of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease: a meta-analysis. PeerJ. 2025;13:e19541.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2318_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00577-2","volume":"106","author":"SR Harrison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harrison SR, Li D, Sherlock LG, et al. Vitamin D, autoimmune disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Calcif Tissue Int. 2020;106(1):58\u201375.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2318_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-4-954","volume":"63","author":"DD Bikle","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bikle DD, Gee E, Halloran B, Kowalski MA, Ryzen E, Haddad JG. Assessment of the free fraction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum and its regulation by albumin and vitamin D-binding protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986;63(4):954\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2318_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13040709","volume":"13","author":"L Athanassiou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Athanassiou L, Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Koutsilieris M, Shoenfeld Y. Vitamin D and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Biomolecules. 2023;13(4):709.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"2318_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00944-2","volume":"19","author":"M Cutolo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cutolo M, Smith V, Paolino S, Gotelli E. Involvement of the secosteroid vitamin D in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and COVID-19. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2023;19(5):265\u201387.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2318_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445878","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1445878","volume":"15","author":"B Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng B, Wang W, Gu Q, et al. Effects of different supplements on Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1445878.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2318_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098975","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1098975","volume":"14","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, He Y, Huang L, et al. Impact of thyroid autoimmunity and vitamin D on in vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes among women with normal thyroid function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1098975.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2318_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-016-0224-3","volume":"16","author":"J Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen J, Yun C, He Y, et al. Vitamin D status among the elderly Chinese population: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2010\u20132013 China national nutrition and health survey. Nutr J. 2017;16(1):3.","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2318_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0297613","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297613","volume":"19","author":"B Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen B, Ji P, Wang Q, Qin W, Li Z. Vitamin D levels and its influencing factors in pregnant women in mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(5):e0297613.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"2318_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201000044","volume":"54","author":"S Lewis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lewis S, Lucas RM, Halliday J, Ponsonby AL. Vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy: from preconception to birth. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2010;54(8):1092\u2013102.","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"2318_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759064","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.759064","volume":"13","author":"R Di Girolamo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Girolamo R, Liberati M, Silvi C, D\u2019Antonio F. Levothyroxine supplementation in euthyroid pregnant women with positive autoantibodies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:759064.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2318_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.192501","volume":"21","author":"Y Simsek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simsek Y, Cakir I, Yetmis M, et al. Effects of vitamin D treatment on thyroid autoimmunity. J Res Med Sci. 2016;21:85.","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2318_CR30","first-page":"1359","volume":"33","author":"H Bozdag","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bozdag H, Akdeniz E. Does severe vitamin D deficiency impact obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with thyroid autoimmunity? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(8):1359\u201369.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2318_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-123038","volume":"125","author":"R Krysiak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krysiak R, Szkr\u00f3bka W, Okopie\u0144 B. The effect of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity in levothyroxine-treated women with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and normal vitamin D status. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2017;125(4):229\u201333.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2318_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70225-6","volume":"3","author":"MB Zimmermann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zimmermann MB, Boelaert K. Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(4):286\u201395.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02318-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02318-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02318-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:03:43Z","timestamp":1783605823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02318-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02318-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Ethics Committee. The requirement for informed consent was waived because this was a retrospective analysis of de-identified data obtained from existing clinical records and routine preconception follow-up records after completion of the baseline evaluation and the 12-month outcome window. No prospective recruitment, additional intervention, additional specimen collection, or research-specific follow-up was performed. All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee because the study was a retrospective analysis of de-identified existing clinical records and routine preconception follow-up records.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"202"}}