{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:33:13Z","timestamp":1785522793906,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":64,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Constructing the Pathogenic Mechanism Model of Keshan Disease Based on Comprehensive Internal and External Environmental Factors","award":["2024SF-YBXM-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SF-YBXM-024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-026-02327-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T05:06:15Z","timestamp":1779771975000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between serum carbohydrate antigen 199 levels and diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cross-sectional study from Northwest China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naichuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YanPing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2327_CR1","unstructured":"Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ, committee IDFDAtes. IDF Diabetes Atlas. Idf diabetes atlas. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation \u00a9 International Diabetes Federation, 2021."},{"issue":"1","key":"2327_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00896-4","volume":"12","author":"SAH Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed SAH, Ansari SA, Mensah-Brown EPK, Emerald BS. The role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Epigenetics. 2020;12,(1):104.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"2327_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang W, Chen YY, Li ZQ, He FF, Zhang C. Recent Advances in the emerging therapeutic strategies for diabetic kidney diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(18).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810882"},{"key":"2327_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang XX, Kong J, Yun K. Prevalence of diabetic nephropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Diabetes Res. 2020;2315607.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2315607"},{"key":"2327_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suh S, Kim KW. Diabetes and cancer: cancer should be screened in routine diabetes assessment. Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(6)733\u201343.","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2019.0177"},{"issue":"2","key":"2327_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1996","volume":"38","author":"JL Harding","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harding JL, Shaw JE, Peeters A, Cartensen B, Magliano DJ. Cancer risk among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: disentangling true associations, detection bias, and reverse causation. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(2):264\u201370.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"2327_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01542654","volume":"5","author":"H Koprowski","year":"1979","unstructured":"Koprowski H, Steplewski Z, Mitchell K, Herlyn M, Herlyn D, Fuhrer P. Colorectal carcinoma antigens detected by hybridoma antibodies. Somatic Cell Genet. 1979;5(6):957\u201371.","journal-title":"Somatic Cell Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2327_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2020.188409","volume":"1875","author":"G Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo G, Jin K, Deng S, Cheng H, Fan Z, Gong Y, et al. Roles of CA19-9 in pancreatic cancer: Biomarker, predictor and promoter. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2021;1875,(2):188409.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2327_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-014-9791-9","volume":"21","author":"W Zhong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhong W, Yu Z, Zhan J, Yu T, Lin Y, Xia ZS, et al. Association of serum levels of CEA, CA199, CA125, CYFRA21-1 and CA72-4 and disease characteristics in colorectal cancer. Pathol Oncol Res. 2015;21,(1):83\u201395.","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2327_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-022-01667-z","volume":"22","author":"C Shibata","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shibata C, Nakano T, Yasumoto A, Mitamura A, Sawada K, Ogawa H, et al. Comparison of CEA and CA19-9 as a predictive factor for recurrence after curative gastrectomy in gastric cancer. BMC Surg. 2022;22(1):213.","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2327_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01539-y","volume":"24","author":"Y Zhuang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhuang Y, Cai Q, Hu X, Huang H. Elevated serum CA199 levels in patients suffering type 2 diabetes vs. various types of cancer. BMC Endocr Disord. 2024;24,(1):9.","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"2327_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan P, Li J, Zhang Y, Dan X, Wu X, Zhang X, et al. Association of circulating carbohydrate antigen 19\u2009\u2013\u20099 level with type 2 diabetic kidney disease in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2024;17:467\u201377.","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S434972"},{"key":"2327_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui L, Lv N, Li B, Tao J, Zheng X, Yan Y, et al. Serum CA 19\u2009\u2013\u20099 Level is correlated to the clinical characteristics and chronic complications of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2021;129(8)581-6.","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0994-9970"},{"key":"2327_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Supplement_1)S15-S33.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S002"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2327_CR15","first-page":"S124","volume":"42","author":"11","year":"2019","unstructured":"11. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42,(Suppl 1):S124\u201338.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2327_CR16","first-page":"81","volume":"24","author":"T Badrick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Badrick T. Quality leadership and quality control. Clin Biochem Rev. 2003;24,(3):81\u201393.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2327_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2343333","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.43333","volume":"6","author":"T Lawler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lawler T, Walts ZL, Steinwandel M, Lipworth L, Murff HJ, Zheng W, et al. Type 2 Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(11):e2343333.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"2327_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-1245","volume":"30","author":"J Pearson-Stuttard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pearson-Stuttard J, Papadimitriou N, Markozannes G, Cividini S, Kakourou A, Gill D, et al. Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Observational and Mendelian Randomization Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021;30,(6):1218\u201328.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2327_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobayashi K, Ono Y, Kitano Y, Oba A, Sato T, Ito H, et al. Prognostic impact of tumor markers (CEA and CA19-9) on patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases stratified by tumor number and size: potentially valuable biologic markers for preoperative treatment. Ann Surg Oncol. 2023;30(12)7338-47.","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-023-13781-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"2327_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2021.11.014","volume":"22","author":"H Zou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zou H, Liu SH, Yang R, Wu XJ, Cao YP, Huang HF. Combination of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Red Cell Distribution Width With Serum Tumor Markers for the Differential Diagnosis of Breast Cancer and its Association With Pathological Features and Molecular Types. Clin Breast Cancer. 2022;22(4):e526\u201335.","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"2327_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giron F, Alcantar D. Looks can be deceiving: a case report on the clinical value of CA 19\u2009\u2013\u20099 in obstructive jaundice. Cureus. 2020;12(1)e6637.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6637"},{"key":"2327_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhingra S, Raman P, Ramsaroop T, Harrison I, Bergsten T, Nusbaum E, et al. Elevated serum CA 19\u2009\u2013\u20099 level mimicking pancreaticobiliary carcinoma from a hepatic abscess: case report and literature review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024;11:1470046.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1470046"},{"key":"2327_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y, Li W, Tang S, Wu R, Wang Y, Shao F. Comparative study of elevated CA19-9 levels in non-gastrointestinal tumors patients: evaluation of different immunoassay methods and analysis of potential interfering factors. Biomedicines. 2025;13(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13061386"},{"issue":"1","key":"2327_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181f0e2a0","volume":"341","author":"K Gul","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gul K, Nas S, Ozdemir D, Gumus M, Ersoy R, Cakir B. CA 19\u2009\u2013\u20099 level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relation to the metabolic control and microvascular complications. Am J Med Sci. 2011;341,(1):28\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2327_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim SH, Baek CO, Lee KA, Park TS, Baek HS, Jin HY. Clinical implication of elevated CA 19\u2009\u2013\u20099 level and the relationship with glucose control state in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocrine. 2014;46(2)249\u201355.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-0058-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"2327_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-03616-5","volume":"25","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang S, Zhou D, Chen W, Guo Q, Hou L, Wu R, et al. High serum CA19-9 predicts severe cholecystitis in calculous cholecystitis patients. BMC Gastroenterol. 2025;25(1):33.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2327_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2021.01517","volume":"15","author":"W Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang W, Wang Y, Dong X, Yang B, Zhou H, Chen L, et al. Elevated serum CA19-9 indicates severe liver inflammation and worse survival after curative resection in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Trends. 2022;15(6):397\u2013405.","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"2327_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Zhu Q, Cai D, Chen L, Xie W, Bai Y, et al. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 promotes the proliferation of gallbladder carcinoma cells via regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Oncol Rep. 2021;45(6).","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2021.8064"},{"issue":"13","key":"2327_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3568","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-4125","volume":"81","author":"B Schoeps","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schoeps B, Eckfeld C, Prokopchuk O, B\u00f6ttcher J, H\u00e4u\u00dfler D, Steiger K, et al. TIMP1 Triggers Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res. 2021;81(13):3568\u201379.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2327_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.12.013","volume":"55","author":"TV Rohm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rohm TV, Meier DT, Olefsky JM, Donath MY. Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Immunity. 2022;55(1):31\u201355.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2327_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinha SK, Nicholas SB, Sung JH, Correa A, Rajavashisth TB, Norris KC, et al. hs-CRP is associated with incident diabetic nephropathy: findings from the jackson heart study. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(11)2083-9.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-2563"},{"issue":"1","key":"2327_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.102","volume":"80","author":"SG Sayyed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sayyed SG, Ryu M, Kulkarni OP, Schmid H, Lichtnekert J, Gr\u00fcner S, et al. An orally active chemokine receptor CCR2 antagonist prevents glomerulosclerosis and renal failure in type 2 diabetes. Kidney Int. 2011;80(1):68\u201378.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2327_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.05.013","volume":"93","author":"G Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liang G, Song L, Chen Z, Qian Y, Xie J, Zhao L, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 1 ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by an anti-inflammatory mechanism. Kidney Int. 2018;93,(1):95\u2013109.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2327_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.003","volume":"292","author":"DH Son","year":"2020","unstructured":"Son DH, Lee HS, Lee YJ. Association between serum carbohydrate antigen 19\u2009\u2013\u20099 levels and leukoaraiosis in middle-aged and older adults: A cross-sectional study. Atherosclerosis. 2020;292:188\u201392.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2327_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assani MZ, Novac MB, Dijm\u0103rescu AL, V\u0103duva CC, Vladu IM, Clenciu, et al. Potential association between atherogenic coefficient, prognostic nutritional index, and various obesity indices in diabetic nephropathy. Nutrients. 2025;17(8).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17081339"},{"key":"2327_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams C, Conigrave JH, Lewohl J, Haber P, Morley KC. Alcohol use disorder and circulating cytokines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:501\u201312.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.08.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"2327_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.11.061","volume":"13","author":"H Elimam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elimam H, Abdulla AM, Taha IM. Inflammatory markers and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13,(1):800\u20134.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2327_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engle DD, Tiriac H, Rivera KD, Pommier A, Whalen S, Oni TE, et al. The glycan CA19-9 promotes pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in mice. Science. 2019;364(6446):1156\u201362.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw3145"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02327-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02327-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02327-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:19:13Z","timestamp":1785518353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02327-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02327-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, which also provided a waiver of consent due to the exclusive use of retrospective data devoid of personal identifying information.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"214"}}