{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:38:15Z","timestamp":1792787895127,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sharda University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03b6ffh07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optimal glycaemic control is essential for preventing complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet a large proportion of patients fail to achieve recommended glycaemic targets even in tertiary care settings. Identifying independent behavioural and treatment-related determinants of glycaemic control is crucial for improving diabetes management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 adult patients with T2DM attending the diabetic outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire covering sociodemographic profile, lifestyle practices, treatment adherence, and healthcare access. Glycaemic control was assessed using HbA1c values and categorized as optimal (&lt;\u20097%) and poor (\u2265\u20097%). Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Spearman correlation, and multivariable logistic regression were applied using IBM SPSS Statistics for Mac (Version 31.0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Optimal glycaemic control was observed in 239 (57.5%) participants, while 177 (42.5%) had poor control. Higher physical activity, adherence to a diabetic diet, and consistent medication adherence were significantly associated with optimal glycaemic control in bivariate analysis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Spearman correlation showed a strong positive correlation between medication adherence and glycaemic control, followed by physical activity and regular follow-up. In multivariable regression analysis, medication adherence, physical activity, and regular follow-up emerged as significant independent predictors of optimal glycaemic control, whereas sociodemographic factors showed weaker adjusted effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glycaemic control among patients with T2DM is predominantly influenced by modifiable behavioural and treatment-related factors. Strengthening medication adherence counselling, lifestyle modification, and structured follow-up within tertiary care diabetes clinics may substantially improve glycaemic outcomes and reduce the long-term burden of diabetes-related complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-026-02417-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T08:55:34Z","timestamp":1783673734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors influencing the optimal glycemic levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the diabetic clinic of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4702-3336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ishant","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeet","family":"Panesar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishi Kumar","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7498-4845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neelam","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5634-3315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Dhamnetiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2417_CR1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2021","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. 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This study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institute\u2019s Ethical Committee (File. No. 724(38\/2024)\/IEC\/ABVIMS\/RMLH)\/419). No identifiable personal information was collected to ensure confidentiality. The participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any point they deemed necessary, without any consequences.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Financial support and sponsorship","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"306"}}