{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:38:28Z","timestamp":1792636708800,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004366","name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TBZMED. REC.1404.477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TBZMED. REC.1404.477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-026-02420-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T10:15:25Z","timestamp":1784888125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["B vitamins and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a systematic review of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Safargar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Arefhosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helda","family":"Tutunchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Rafie","family":"Arefhosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrangiz","family":"Ebrahimi-Mameghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2420_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00318-8","volume":"13","author":"N Stefan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stefan N, Yki-J\u00e4rvinen H, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: heterogeneous pathomechanisms and effectiveness of metabolism-based treatment. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;13(2):134\u201348.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2420_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583674","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1583674","volume":"12","author":"J Mei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mei J, Gong Q. MASLD: insights on the role of folate in hepatic lipid metabolism. Front Nutr. 2025;12:1583674.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"10464","key":"2420_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01811-7","volume":"404","author":"M Israelsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Israelsen M, Francque S, Tsochatzis EA, Krag A. Steatotic liver disease. Lancet. 2024;404(10464):1761\u201378.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"2420_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8462","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158462","volume":"25","author":"CM Sergi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sergi CM. NAFLD (MASLD)\/NASH (MASH): does it bother to label at all? A comprehensive narrative review. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(15):8462.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2420_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong RJ. Epidemiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). Metabolism and target organ damage. 2024;4(4):N\/A\u2013N\/A.","DOI":"10.20517\/mtod.2024.57"},{"issue":"10","key":"2420_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70311","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70311","volume":"45","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Wong VWS, Tsochatzis EA, Castera L, Betel M, Henry L, et al. Managing MASLD Through Preventive Hepatology: Integrating Policy Reform, Public Health and Personalised Care. Liver Int. 2025;45(10):e70311.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2420_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330595","volume":"73","author":"G Targher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Targher G, Byrne CD, Tilg H. MASLD: a systemic metabolic disorder with cardiovascular and malignant complications. Gut. 2024;73(4):691\u2013702.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-025-01977-2","volume":"25","author":"N Pourseyedi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pourseyedi N, Arefhosseini S, Tutunchi H, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Evidence on the link between hypothyroidism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an updated systematic review. BMC Endocr Disord. 2025;25(1):154.","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"2420_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032361","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1032361","volume":"13","author":"S Arefhosseini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arefhosseini S, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Najafipour F, Tutunchi H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease across endocrinopathies: Interaction with sex hormones. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1032361.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"13","key":"2420_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6518","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136518","volume":"26","author":"K Drygalski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Drygalski K. Pharmacological treatment of MASLD: contemporary treatment and future perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(13):6518.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"19","key":"2420_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9625","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199625","volume":"26","author":"MY Sheikh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sheikh MY, Younus MF, Shergill A, Hasan MN. Diet and Lifestyle Interventions in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(19):9625.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-024-07025-x","volume":"17","author":"S Arefhosseini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arefhosseini S, Tutunchi H, Arefhosseini SR, Ghavami SZ, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Copper status and its relation to abdominal obesity indices and liver function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study. BMC Res Notes. 2024;17(1):370.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2420_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu J, Liao X, Du L, Lv P, Deng J. Associations of serum folate and vitamin B12 levels with all-cause mortality among patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease: a prospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol. 2024;15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1426103"},{"key":"2420_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao H, Fan W, Yan Y, Liu Y, Kang X. The associations of serum folate forms with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Metabolites. 2025;15(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15060370"},{"key":"2420_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272321","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1272321","volume":"10","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J, Huang J, Lv Y, Ji H. Association between dietary intakes of B vitamins and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1272321.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2420_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.23-63","volume":"76","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Guo X, Hu L, Yang W, Lin R, Cao G, et al. Exploratory analysis of the association between dietary niacin intakes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among US adults: 1999\u20132018 data analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2025;76(2):179\u201386.","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2420_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03448-1","volume":"63","author":"P Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang P, Yu J, Zhao Y, Simayi R, Shi D. The independent and joint associations of vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid on the risk of mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Nutr. 2024;63(7):2541\u201353.","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2420_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437183","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1437183","volume":"11","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Y, Gao J, Wang X, Lu H, Zheng Y, Ren Q. Serum folate levels and risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: results from a cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1437183.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2420_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2354277","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.54277","volume":"7","author":"J Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan J, Zhou Y, Pang N, Yang L. Dietary Niacin Intake and Mortality Among Individuals With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(2):e2354277.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2420_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-2803.202100000-42","volume":"58","author":"DS Costa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costa DS, Guahnon MP, Seganfredo FB, Pinto LP, Tovo CV, Fernandes SA. Vitamin b12 and homocysteine levels in patients with nafld: A systematic review and metanalysis. Arq Gastroenterol. 2021;58(2):234\u20139.","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2420_CR21","first-page":"e16855","volume":"13","author":"RAM Abe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abe RAM, Masroor A, Khorochkov A, Prieto J, Singh KB, Nnadozie MC, et al. The Role of Vitamins in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2021;13(8):e16855.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2420_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2420_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2020-209567","volume":"37","author":"M Amir-Behghadami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amir-Behghadami M, Janati A, Population. Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS) design as a framework to formulate eligibility criteria in systematic reviews. Emerg Med J. 2020;37(6):387.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2420_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","volume":"25","author":"A Stang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25(9):603\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2420_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carra MC, Romandini P, Romandini M. Risk of bias evaluation of cross-sectional studies: adaptation of the newcastle-ottawa scale. J Periodontal Res. 2025 n\/a(n\/a).","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13405"},{"key":"2420_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanchard L, Ray S, Law C. The effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and policy processes of regulatory, voluntary and partnership policies to improve food environments: an evidence synthesis. Public Health Res. 2024:Appendix 4, Modifications to the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale for cross\u2013sectional studies.","DOI":"10.3310\/JYWP4049"},{"key":"2420_CR27","unstructured":"Wells GA, Shea B, O\u2019Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M et al. The newcastle-ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2000."},{"key":"2420_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2016014","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2016014","volume":"38","author":"JM Bae","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bae JM. A suggestion for quality assessment in systematic reviews of observational studies in nutritional epidemiology. Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016014.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"2420_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aktary ML, Eller LK, Nicolucci AC, Reimer RA. Cross-sectional analysis of the health profile and dietary intake of a sample of Canadian adults diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Nutr Res. 2020;64.","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v64.4548"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2013(01)OA03","volume":"68","author":"SM Ferolla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferolla SM, Ferrari TC, Lima ML, Reis TO, Tavares WC Jr., Couto OF, et al. Dietary patterns in Brazilian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study. Clin (Sao Paulo). 2013;68(1):11\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"2420_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977403","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.977403","volume":"9","author":"A Salehi-Sahlabadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salehi-Sahlabadi A, Teymoori F, Ahmadirad H, Mokhtari E, Azadi M, Seraj SS, et al. Nutrient patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Iranian Adul: A case-control study. Front Nutr. 2022;9:977403.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2420_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1335831","volume":"11","author":"P Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo P, Yu J. Association of multiple serum minerals and vitamins with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017\u20132018. Front Nutr. 2024;11:2024.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2420_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e358","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.358","volume":"5","author":"S Abbas Torki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abbas Torki S, Bahadori E, Shekari S, Fathi S, Gholamalizadeh M, Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh N, et al. Association between the index of nutritional quality and lipid profile in adult women. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2022;5(5):e358.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"2420_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S856","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201510001-02030","volume":"110","author":"AH Davis-Yadley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Davis-Yadley AH, Lipka S, Shahzad G, Clayton SB, Kumar A, Pathak E, et al. Association Between Serum Vitamin Levels and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in United States Adults: A Cross-sectional Study From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2030. Official J Am Coll Gastroenterol | ACG. 2015;110:S856.","journal-title":"Official J Am Coll Gastroenterol | ACG"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96500-x","volume":"15","author":"C Jung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jung C, Park S, Kim H. Association between vitamin A, E, and folate levels and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults with diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):11844.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2420_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao X, Yu S, Wang L, Zhang R, Yu K. Elevated red blood cell folate levels are associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: results from NHANES 2017\u20132020. Front Physiol. 2025;16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1494863"},{"key":"2420_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2024.108150","volume":"191","author":"S Taesuwan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Taesuwan S, Kouvari M, McKune AJ, Panagiotakos DB, Khemacheewakul J, Leksawasdi N, et al. Total choline intake, liver fibrosis and the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Results from 2017 to 2020 NHANES. Maturitas. 2025;191:108150.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2420_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510860","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1510860","volume":"12","author":"Q Sheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sheng Q, Liu S, Yu H, Shi H, Xin Y. The association of dietary nutrients consumption with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis from NHANES 2017\u20132020. Front Nutr. 2025;12:1510860.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2420_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366843","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1366843","volume":"11","author":"J Cai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cai J, Chen D, Luo W, Xu F, Feng X, Zhang L, et al. The association between diverse serum folate with MAFLD and liver fibrosis based on NHANES 2017\u20132020. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1366843.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2420_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espina S, Casas-Deza D, Bernal-Monterde V, Royo-Esteban A, Garc\u00eda-Sobreviela MP, Calmarza P et al. Unraveling the association of liver steatosis and fibrosis with vitamin B12: a cross-sectional study. Metabolites. 2024;14(11).","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14110618"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20161-0","volume":"24","author":"J Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou J, Han J. Association of niacin intake and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):2742.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2420_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aureli A, Recupero R, Mariani M, Manco M, Carlomagno F, Bocchini S et al. Low levels of serum total Vitamin B12 are associated with worse metabolic phenotype in a large population of children, adolescents and young adults, from underweight to severe obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(23).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316588"},{"issue":"12","key":"2420_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-023-01336-1","volume":"77","author":"C Chai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chai C, Chen L, Deng MG, Liang Y, Liu F, Nie JQ. Dietary choline intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017\u20132018. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2023;77(12):1160\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12933","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39641-1","volume":"13","author":"HK Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen HK, Luo J, Li XJ, Liao WZ, Hu YQ, Guo XG. Serum folate associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced hepatic fibrosis. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):12933.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"2420_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2023.0024","volume":"21","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Y, Xiang L, Luo L, Qin H, Tong S. Correlation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Dietary Folate and Serum Folate in U.S. Adults: Cross-Sectional Analyses from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009\u20132018. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2023;21(7):389\u201396.","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2168042","volume":"55","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen X, Lu J, Xu Q, Chen B, Shen L. The association between serum folate and ultrasound - defined hepatic steatosis. Ann Med. 2023;55(1):456\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"2420_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4128","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194128","volume":"15","author":"J Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan J, Hu Y, Pang N, Yang L. Association between Dietary Niacin Intake and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: NHANES 2003\u20132018. Nutrients. 2023;15(19):4128.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"2420_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002516","volume":"136","author":"Z Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Z, Zeng Y, Shen S, Wen Y, Xu C. Association between folate and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among US adults: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2023;136(2):233\u20135.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2420_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273580","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1273580","volume":"14","author":"J Wen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wen J, Fei Y, Yuan L, Li K, Xu Q, Cao X, et al. Analysis of the mediating role of BMI in associations of different folate forms with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis in adolescents in the USA: results from the NHANES 2017\u20132018. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1273580.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2023.01.004","volume":"17","author":"S Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang S, Ye Z, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Zhou C, et al. Associations of different serum folate forms with indices of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2023;17(1):58\u201365.","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2420_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao B, Lu X, Xu L, Jiang Y. Association of serum folate with prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults (NHANES 2011\u20132018). Front Nutr. 2023;10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1141156"},{"key":"2420_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022928","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1022928","volume":"10","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Cao H, Chen X, Yu G, Song C, Duan H, et al. Associations of serum folate and vitamin C levels with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in US adults: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1022928.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2420_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li L, Huang Q, Yang L, Zhang R, Gao L, Han X et al. The Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and advanced fibrosis with serological Vitamin B12 markers: results from the NHANES 1999\u20132004. Nutrients. 2022;14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061224"},{"key":"2420_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng H, Wang M, Pan L, Cao Z, Yao Z, Chen Q et al. Associations of serum multivitamin levels with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cross-sectional study in U.S. adults. Front Nutr. 2022;9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.962705"},{"key":"2420_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu X, Shen H, Chen M, Shao J. Clinical Relevance of Vitamins and carotenoids with liver steatosis and fibrosis detected by transient elastography in adults. Front Nutr. 2021;8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.760985"},{"issue":"6","key":"2420_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v12.i6.269","volume":"12","author":"FS Bertol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bertol FS, Araujo B, Jorge BB, Rinaldi N, De Carli LA, Tovo CV. Role of micronutrients in staging of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A retrospective cross-sectional study. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2020;12(6):269\u201376.","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2420_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2018.1507011","volume":"38","author":"M Mazidi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mazidi M, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Adiposity May Moderate the Link Between Choline Intake and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Am Coll Nutr. 2019;38(7):633\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2420_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.007","volume":"18","author":"R Moretti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moretti R, Caruso P, Gazzin S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurological defects. Ann Hepatol. 2019;18(4):563\u201370.","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"2420_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahamid M, Mahroum N, Bragazzi NL, Shalaata K, Yavne Y, Adawi M et al. Folate and B12 levels correlate with histological severity in NASH patients. Nutrients. 2018;10(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10040440"},{"issue":"3","key":"2420_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2017.0019","volume":"23","author":"Y Ferro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferro Y, Car\u00e8 I, Mazza E, Provenzano F, Colica C, Torti C, et al. Protein and vitamin B6 intake are associated with liver steatosis assessed by transient elastography, especially in obese individuals. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2017;23(3):249\u201359.","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2420_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.06.021","volume":"37","author":"MF Xia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xia MF, Bian H, Zhu XP, Yan HM, Chang XX, Zhang LS, et al. Serum folic acid levels are associated with the presence and severity of liver steatosis in Chinese adults. Clin Nutr. 2018;37(5):1752\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2420_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.197533","volume":"144","author":"D Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu D, Shu XO, Xiang YB, Li H, Yang G, Gao YT, et al. Higher dietary choline intake is associated with lower risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver in normal-weight Chinese women. J Nutr. 2014;144(12):2034\u201340.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2420_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2011.649249","volume":"63","author":"SA Polyzos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Patsiaoura K, Katsiki E, Zafeiriadou E, Zavos C, et al. Serum vitamin B12 and folate levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2012;63(6):659\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2420_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.020156","volume":"95","author":"AL Guerrerio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guerrerio AL, Colvin RM, Schwartz AK, Molleston JP, Murray KF, Diehl A, et al. Choline intake in a large cohort of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95(4):892\u2013900.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2420_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.03.022","volume":"21","author":"S Hirsch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hirsch S, Poniachick J, Avenda\u00f1o M, Csendes A, Burdiles P, Smok G, et al. Serum folate and homocysteine levels in obese females with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Nutrition. 2005;21(2):137\u201341.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR66","first-page":"158","volume":"32","author":"B Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang B, Cao JC, Liu FR, Deng Z, Chen CJ, Sun YY. Folate intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in US adults. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2023;32(1):158\u201367.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2420_CR67","first-page":"642","volume":"26","author":"CP Cheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheng CP, Chen CH, Kuo CS, Kuo HT, Huang KT, Shen YL, et al. Dietary choline and folate relationships with serum hepatic inflammatory injury markers in Taiwanese adults. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2017;26(4):642\u20139.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2420_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Federico A, Dallio M, Caprio GG, Gravina AG, Picascia D, Masarone M et al. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of dietary intake in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nutrients. 2017;9(10).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9101074"},{"key":"2420_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antentas M, Rojo-L\u00f3pez MI, Vendrell P, Granado-Casas M, Genua I, Fernandez-Camins B et al. Impact of dietary niacin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in mediterranean subjects: a population-based study. Nutrients. 2024;16(23).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234178"},{"key":"2420_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang TY, Wu CH, Chang CY, Lee FJ, Wang BW, Doong JY et al. Optimal dietary intake composition of choline and betaine is associated with minimized visceral obesity-related hepatic steatosis in a case-control study. Nutrients. 2022;14(2).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020261"},{"key":"2420_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.18203\/2319-2003.ijbcp20212085","volume":"10","author":"C Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma C, Badyal A. Association between vitamin B12 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case control study in Katra Jammu. Int J basic Clin Pharmacol. 2021;10:726.","journal-title":"Int J basic Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2420_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.00071","volume":"7","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarkar S, Lipworth L, Kabagambe EK, Bian A, Stewart TG, Blot WJ, et al. A Description of Risk Factors for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Southern Community Cohort Study: A Nested Case-Control Study. Front Nutr. 2020;7:71.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2420_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2019.06.008","volume":"358","author":"F Vahid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vahid F, Hekmatdoost A, Mirmajidi S, Doaei S, Rahmani D, Faghfoori Z. Association Between Index of Nutritional Quality and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Role of Vitamin D and B Group. Am J Med Sci. 2019;358(3):212\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2420_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-7802.188083","volume":"7","author":"H Zolfaghari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zolfaghari H, Askari G, Siassi F, Feizi A, Sotoudeh G. Intake of Nutrients, Fiber, and Sugar in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Comparison to Healthy Individuals. Int J Prev Med. 2016;7:98.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2420_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3233\/MNM-150032","volume":"8","author":"Z Mosallaei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mosallaei Z, Mazidi M, Safariyan M, Norouzy A, Mohajeri SAR, Esmaily H, et al. Dietary intake and its relationship with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MEDITERRANEAN J Nutr METABOLISM. 2015;8(2):139\u201348.","journal-title":"MEDITERRANEAN J Nutr METABOLISM"},{"issue":"6","key":"2420_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12520","volume":"29","author":"JM Han","year":"2014","unstructured":"Han JM, Jo AN, Lee SM, Bae HS, Jun DW, Cho YK, et al. Associations between intakes of individual nutrients or whole food groups and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean adults. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29(6):1265\u201372.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2420_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8281","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2014\/3043","volume":"3","author":"M Sharma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharma M, Jahnavi G. VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2014;3:8281\u20135.","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2420_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e31822a29f5","volume":"59","author":"M Koplay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koplay M, Gulcan E, Ozkan F. Association between serum vitamin B12 levels and the degree of steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Investig Med. 2011;59(7):1137\u201340.","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2420_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3218","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0271-5","volume":"53","author":"A Sazci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sazci A, Akpinar G, Aygun C, Ergul E, Senturk O, Hulagu S. Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphisms in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(12):3218\u201324.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2420_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaturvedi S, Tripathi D, Vikram NK, Madhusudan KS, Pandey RM, Bhatia N. Association of nutrient intake with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver steatosis in adult Indian population - a case control study. Hum Nutr Metab 2023;32.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hnm.2023.200188"},{"key":"2420_CR81","first-page":"1335","volume":"3","author":"N Abdullah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdullah N, Mohamed S, Abdulrahman R. Relation between vitamin B12 and Non-alcoholic fatty Liver Disease: A Hospital Based Study. Int J Adv Res. 2015;3:1335\u201343.","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2420_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.10.026","volume":"155","author":"I Yiannakou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yiannakou I, Long MT, Jacques PF, Beiser A, Pickering RT, Moore LL, Eggs. Dietary Choline, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Framingham Heart Study. J Nutr. 2025;155(3):923\u201335.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2420_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Callans LE, Ivey KL, Chang KM, Kaplan DE. Diet composition impacts the natural history of steatotic liver disease. Hepatol Commun. 2025;9(7).","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000754"},{"issue":"11","key":"2420_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0314148","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0314148","volume":"19","author":"J Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong J, Li Z, Wang C, Zhang R, Li Y, Liu M, et al. Dietary folate intake and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in American adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Data from NHANES 2003 to 2018. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(11):e0314148.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2420_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426103","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1426103","volume":"15","author":"J Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu J, Liao X, Du L, Lv P, Deng J. Associations of serum folate and vitamin B(12) levels with all-cause mortality among patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease: a prospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1426103.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51609-3","volume":"14","author":"K Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu K, Chen Y, Chen J, Chen W, Sun X, Mao Y, et al. Genetically determined circulating micronutrients and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):1105.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2420_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu L, Wang Y, Hu Y-Q. Bi-directional causal effect between vitamin B12 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Inferring from large population data. Front Nutr. 2023;10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1015046"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-024-00993-7","volume":"23","author":"Y Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu Y, Xu C, Wu G. Dietary niacin Intake and its association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Nutr J. 2024;23(1):90.","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"2420_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang M, Wang D, Wang X, Mei J, Gong Q. Role of folate in liver diseases. Nutrients. 2024;16(12).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121872"},{"key":"2420_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852451","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.852451","volume":"9","author":"CW Chan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chan CW, Chan PH, Lin BF. Folate Deficiency Increased Lipid Accumulation and Leptin Production of Adipocytes. Front Nutr. 2022;9:852451.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2420_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.086603","volume":"101","author":"KE Christensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Christensen KE, Mikael LG, Leung KY, L\u00e9vesque N, Deng L, Wu Q, et al. High folic acid consumption leads to pseudo-MTHFR deficiency, altered lipid metabolism, and liver injury in mice. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(3):646\u201358.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2420_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.117.247445","volume":"147","author":"C Paniz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paniz C, Bertinato JF, Lucena MR, De Carli E, Amorim P, Gomes GW, et al. A Daily Dose of 5\u00a0mg Folic Acid for 90 Days Is Associated with Increased Serum Unmetabolized Folic Acid and Reduced Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity in Healthy Brazilian Adults. J Nutr. 2017;147(9):1677\u201385.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2420_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geisler CE, Miller KE, Ghimire S, Renquist BJ. The role of GPR109a signaling in niacin induced effects on fed and fasted hepatic metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084001"},{"issue":"9","key":"2420_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101718","volume":"5","author":"Y Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Y, Pei T, Hu X, Lu Y, Huang Y, Wan T, et al. Dietary vitamin B3 supplementation induces the antitumor immunity against liver cancer via biased GPR109A signaling in myeloid cell. Cell Rep Med. 2024;5(9):101718.","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"2420_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain KS, Amarasena S, Mayengbam S. B Vitamins and their roles in gut health. Microorganisms. 2022;10(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061168"},{"key":"2420_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ai Y, Sun Z, Peng C, Liu L, Xiao X, Li J. Homocysteine induces hepatic steatosis involving ER stress response in high methionine diet-fed mice. Nutrients. 2017;9(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9040346"},{"key":"2420_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalyesubula M, Mopuri R, Asiku J, Rosov A, Yosefi S, Edery N et al. High-dose vitamin B1 therapy prevents the development of experimental fatty liver driven by overnutrition. Dis Model Mech. 2021;14(3).","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.048355"},{"issue":"6","key":"2420_CR98","first-page":"793","volume":"66","author":"AI Mazur-Bialy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mazur-Bialy AI, Pochec E, Plytycz B. Immunomodulatory effect of riboflavin deficiency and enrichment - reversible pathological response versus silencing of inflammatory activation. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;66(6):793\u2013802.","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2420_CR99","first-page":"202","volume":"20","author":"ZT Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang ZT, Yao YM, Xiao GX, Sheng ZY. [The protective effect of supplementation of probiotics combined with riboflavin on the intestinal barrier of the rats after scald injury]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2004;20(4):202\u20135.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi"},{"key":"2420_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Wang D, Huang Z, Xiao X, Zheng Q et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic dysfunction fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(24).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417514"},{"issue":"19","key":"2420_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16347","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200113200","volume":"277","author":"KL Levert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Levert KL, Waldrop GL, Stephens JM. A biotin analog inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity and adipogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(19):16347\u201350.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"2420_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl240539","volume":"19","author":"C Cui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cui C, Gao S, Shi J, Wang K, Gut-Liver, Axis. The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Their Metabolites in the Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Gut Liver. 2025;19(4):479\u2013507.","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"issue":"6","key":"2420_CR103","first-page":"829","volume":"140","author":"CT Bezerra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bezerra CT, Grande AJ, Galv\u00e3o VK, Santos D, Atallah \u00c1N, Silva V. Assessment of the strength of recommendation and quality of evidence: GRADE checklist. A descriptive study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2022;140(6):829\u201336.","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2420_CR104","first-page":"31","volume":"60","author":"T Sugihara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sugihara T, Koda M, Okamoto T, Miyoshi K, Matono T, Oyama K, et al. Falsely Elevated Serum Vitamin B(12) Levels Were Associated with the Severity and Prognosis of Chronic Viral Liver Disease. Yonago Acta Med. 2017;60(1):31\u20139.","journal-title":"Yonago Acta Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02420-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02420-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02420-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:02:20Z","timestamp":1792634540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02420-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-026-02420-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Science (Ethics code: TBZMED. REC.1404.477) (Grant number: 76760). Consent to participate is not applicable as this is a systematic review of previously published literature.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"330"}}