{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:33:52Z","timestamp":1789605232423,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-017-0339-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T12:05:17Z","timestamp":1485950717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Effect of removable functional appliances on mandibular length in patients with class II with retrognathism: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Santamar\u00eda-Villegas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Manrique-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emery","family":"Alvarez-Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Restrepo-Serna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"339_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.893111","volume":"21","author":"K Wo\u017aniak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wo\u017aniak K, Pi\u0105tkowska D, Szyszka-Sommerfeld L, Buczkowska-Radli\u0144ska J. Impact of functional appliances on muscle activity: a surface electromyography study in children. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res. 2015;21:246\u201353.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res"},{"key":"339_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.03.032","volume":"128","author":"LHS Cevidanes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cevidanes LHS, Franco AA, Gerig G, et al. Assessment of mandibular growth and response to orthopedic treatment with 3-dimensional magnetic resonance images. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:16\u201326.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"339_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.03.033","volume":"128","author":"LHS Cevidanes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cevidanes LHS, Franco AA, Gerig G, et al. Comparison of relative mandibular growth vectors with high-resolution 3-dimensional imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:27\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"339_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.5.515","volume":"26","author":"AM Araujo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Araujo AM, Buschang PH, Melo ACM. Adaptive condylar growth and mandibular remodelling changes with bionator therapy\u2013an implant study. Eur J Orthod. 2004;26:515\u201322.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"339_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90472-0","volume":"91","author":"O Malmgren","year":"1987","unstructured":"Malmgren O, Omblus J, H\u00e4gg U, Pancherz H. Treatment with an orthopedic appliance system in relation to treatment intensity and growth periods. A study of initial effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;91:143\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"339_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/10.3.169","volume":"10","author":"U H\u00e4gg","year":"1988","unstructured":"H\u00e4gg U, Pancherz H. Dentofacial orthopaedics in relation to chronological age, growth period and skeletal development. An analysis of 72 male patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion treated with the Herbst appliance. Eur J Orthod. 1988;10:169\u201376.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"339_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12013","volume":"16","author":"R Martina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martina R, Cioffi I, Galeotti A, et al. Efficacy of the Sander bite-jumping appliance in growing patients with mandibular retrusion: a randomized controlled trial. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2013;16:116\u201326.","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"339_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.11.010","author":"P Cozza","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cozza P, Baccetti T, Franchi L, De Toffol L, McNamara JA. Mandibular changes produced by functional appliances in Class II malocclusion: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006. doi: 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.11.010 .","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"339_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.04.028","volume":"139","author":"E Marsico","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marsico E, Gatto E, Burrascano M, Matarese G, Cordasco G. Effectiveness of orthodontic treatment with functional appliances on mandibular growth in the short term. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:24\u201336.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"339_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjv034","volume":"38","author":"VF Zymperdikas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zymperdikas VF, Koretsi V, Papageorgiou SN, Papadopoulos MA. Treatment effects of fixed functional appliances in patients with Class II malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2016;38(2):113\u201326. doi: 10.1093\/ejo\/cjv034 .","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"339_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12295","volume":"42","author":"V D\u2019Ant\u00f2","year":"2015","unstructured":"D\u2019Ant\u00f2 V, Bucci R, Franchi L, Rongo R, Michelotti A, Martina R. Class II functional orthopaedic treatment: a systematic review of systematic reviews. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42:624\u201342.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"339_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.b2535 .","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"339_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-18","volume":"8","author":"KF Schulz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials. BMC Med. 2010;8:18.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"339_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31802c9098","volume":"455","author":"RW Wright","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wright RW, Brand RA, Dunn W, Spindler KP. How to write a systematic review. Clin Orthop. 2007;455:23\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"339_CR15","first-page":"251","volume":"65","author":"J Siwek","year":"2002","unstructured":"Siwek J, Gourlay ML, Slawson DC, Shaughnessy AF. How to write an evidence-based clinical review article. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65:251\u20138.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"339_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2010.01380.x","volume":"15","author":"LK Henderson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Henderson LK, Craig JC, Willis NS, Tovey D, Webster AC. How to write a Cochrane systematic review. Nephrol Carlton Vic. 2010;15:617\u201324.","journal-title":"Nephrol Carlton Vic"},{"key":"339_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557\u201360.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"339_CR18","volume-title":"Meta-analysis, decision analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis: methods for quantitative synthesis in medicine","author":"DB Petitti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Petitti DB. Meta-analysis, decision analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis: methods for quantitative synthesis in medicine. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2000.","edition":"2"},{"key":"339_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00352-4","volume":"124","author":"K O\u2019Brien","year":"2003","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien K, Wright J, Conboy F, et al. Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 1: dental and skeletal effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:234\u201343.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"339_CR20","first-page":"45","volume":"30","author":"O Dalci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dalci O, Altug AT, Memikoglu UT. Treatment effects of a twin-force bite corrector versus an activator in comparison with an untreated Class II sample: a preliminary report. Aust Orthod J. 2014;30:45\u201353.","journal-title":"Aust Orthod J"},{"key":"339_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq187","volume":"35","author":"A Baysal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baysal A, Uysal T. Soft tissue effects of Twin Block and Herbst appliances in patients with Class II division 1 mandibular retrognathy. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:71\u201381.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"339_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81005-4","volume":"104","author":"C Nelson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nelson C, Harkness M, Herbison P. Mandibular changes during functional appliance treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;104:153\u201361.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"339_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)80021-2","volume":"111","author":"JF Tulloch","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tulloch JF, Phillips C, Koch G. The effect of early intervention on skeletal pattern in Class II malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1997;111:391\u2013400.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"339_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/20.5.501","volume":"20","author":"HM Illing","year":"1998","unstructured":"Illing HM, Morris DO, Lee RT. A prospective evaluation of Bass, Bionator and Twin Block appliances. Part I\u2013The hard tissues. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20:501\u201316.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"339_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.19.1.036-045.oar","volume":"19","author":"LZ Saikoski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saikoski LZ, Can\u00e7ado RH, Valarelli FP, de Freitas KM. Dentoskeletal effects of Class II malocclusion treatment with the Twin Block appliance in a Brazilian sample: a prospective study. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014;19:36\u201345.","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"key":"339_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520290060030","volume":"273","author":"KF Schulz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Haynes RJ, Altman DG. Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA. 1995;273:408\u201312.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"339_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-012-0112-1","volume":"74","author":"JW Booij","year":"2013","unstructured":"Booij JW, Goeke J, Bronkhorst EM, Katsaros C, Ruf S. Class II treatment by extraction of maxillary first molars or Herbst appliance: dentoskeletal and soft tissue effects in comparison. J Orofac Orthop. 2013;74:52\u201363.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"339_CR28","first-page":"210","volume":"71","author":"DW Haas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haas DW, Martinez DF, Eckert GJ, Diers NR. Measurements of mandibular length: a comparison of articulare vs condylion. Angle Orthod. 2001;71:210\u20135.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"339_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90489-4","volume":"82","author":"H Pancherz","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pancherz H. The mechanism of Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation. Am J Orthod. 1982;82:104\u201313.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-017-0339-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,25]],"date-time":"2017-06-25T05:31:46Z","timestamp":1498368706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-017-0339-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-017-0339-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"article-number":"52"}}