{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:06:44Z","timestamp":1789646804413,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["12900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0691-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T20:05:54Z","timestamp":1546891554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Oral health status and its determinants among opiate dependents: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0991-7125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajar","family":"Shekarchizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad R.","family":"Khami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin Z.","family":"Mohebbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Ekhtiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorma I.","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"691_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/b07f5d3f-en","volume-title":"World drug report 2015","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2015","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World drug report 2015. Vienna: United Nations publication; 2015."},{"key":"691_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/603a2a94-en","volume-title":"World drug report 2016","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2016","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World drug report 2016. Vienna: United Nations publication; 2016."},{"key":"691_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0135-4","volume":"14","author":"D Vashishtha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vashishtha D, Mittal ML, Werb D. The north American opioid epidemic: current challenges and a call for treatment as prevention. Harm Reduct J. 2017;14:7.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"691_CR4","first-page":"929","volume":"42","author":"H Shekarchizadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shekarchizadeh H, Khami MR, Mohebbi SZ, Ekhtiari H, Virtanen JI. Oral health of drug abusers: a review of health effects and care. Iranian J Publ Health. 2013;42:929\u201340.","journal-title":"Iranian J Publ Health"},{"key":"691_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e671","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.18669","volume":"18","author":"MV Mateos-Moreno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mateos-Moreno MV, Del-R\u00edo-Highsmith J, Riob\u00f3o-Garc\u00eda R, Sol\u00e1-Ruiz MF, Celem\u00edn-Vi\u00f1uela A. dental profile of a community of recovering drug addicts: biomedical aspects. Retrospective cohort study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18:e671\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"691_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2008.01459.x","volume":"15","author":"DT Hamamoto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hamamoto DT, Rhodus NL. Methamphetamine abuse and dentistry. Oral Dis. 2009;15:27\u201337.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"691_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2008.00301.x","volume":"6","author":"PA Versteeg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Versteeg PA, Slot DE, van der Velden U, van der Weijden GA. Effect of cannabis usage on the oral environment: a review. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008;6:315\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"691_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2002.tb00311.x","volume":"47","author":"A Titsas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Titsas A, Ferguson MM. Impact of opioid use on dentistry. Aust Dent J. 2002;47:94\u20138.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"691_CR9","first-page":"92","volume":"85","author":"M Brondani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brondani M, Park PE. Methadone and oral health--a brief review. J Dent Hyg. 2011;85:92\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"691_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2008.35.8.542","volume":"35","author":"NS Nathwani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nathwani NS, Gallagher JE. Methadone: dental risks and preventive action. Dent Update. 2008;35:542\u20134 547-8.","journal-title":"Dent Update"},{"key":"691_CR11","first-page":"85","volume":"74","author":"M Cretzmeyer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cretzmeyer M, Walker J, Hall JA, Arndt S. Methamphetamine use and dental disease: results of a pilot study. J Dent Child (Chic). 2007;74:85\u201392.","journal-title":"J Dent Child (Chic)"},{"key":"691_CR12","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Management of substance abuse. Country profiles: Resources for the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders. \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/publications\/atlas_report\/profiles\/en\/index.html#U\n                    \n                  . Accessed 17 May 2017."},{"key":"691_CR13","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Assessment of compulsory treatment of people who use drugs in Cambodia, China, Malaysia and Viet Nam: An application of selected human rights principles; 2009. \n                    http:\/\/www.wpro.who.int\/publications\/docs\/FINALforWeb_Mar17_Compulsory_Treatment.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 17 May 2017."},{"key":"691_CR14","volume-title":"Drug misuse and dependence: UK guidelines on clinical management","author":"Department of Health (England) and the devolved administrations","year":"2007","unstructured":"Department of Health (England) and the devolved administrations. Drug misuse and dependence: UK guidelines on clinical management. London: Department of Health (England), the Scottish government, welsh assembly government and Northern Ireland Executive; 2007."},{"key":"691_CR15","first-page":"919","volume":"32","author":"I Madinier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Madinier I, Harrosch J, Dugourd M, Giraud-Morin C, Fosse T. The buccal-dental health of drug addicts treated in the university hospital Centre in Nice. Presse Med. 2003;32:919\u201323.","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"691_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02287704","volume":"29","author":"LR Metsch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Metsch LR, Crandall L, Wohler-Torres B, Miles CC, Chitwood DD, McCoy CB. Met and unmet need for dental services among active drug users in Miami. Florida J Behav Health Serv Res. 2002;29:176\u201388.","journal-title":"Florida J Behav Health Serv Res"},{"key":"691_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-9-18","volume":"9","author":"H Shekarchizadeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shekarchizadeh H, Ekhtiari H, Khami MR, Virtanen JI. Patterns of pre-treatment drug abuse, drug treatment history and characteristics of addicts in methadone maintenance treatment in Iran. Harm Reduct J. 2012;9:18.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J."},{"key":"691_CR18","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Text Revision","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000."},{"key":"691_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-13-11","volume":"13","author":"H Shekarchizadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shekarchizadeh H, Khami MR, Mohebbi SZ, Virtanen JI. Oral health behavior of drug addicts in withdrawal treatment. BMC Oral Health. 2013;13:11.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health."},{"key":"691_CR20","volume-title":"Oral health surveys: basic methods","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods. 5th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.","edition":"5"},{"key":"691_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4812090","volume":"198","author":"PG Robinson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Robinson PG, Acquah S, Gibson B. Drug users: oral health-related attitudes and behaviours. Br Dent J. 2005;198:219\u201324.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"691_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1159\/000102150","volume":"16","author":"H Hessari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hessari H, Vehkalahti MM, Eghbal MJ, Murtomaa HT. Oral health among 35- to 44-year-old Iranians. Med Princ Pract. 2007;16:280\u20135.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"691_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-74912002000300010","volume":"16","author":"P Ribeiro Edel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ribeiro Edel P, Oliveira JA, Zambolin AP, Lauris JR, Tomita NE. Integrated approach to the oral health of drug-addicted undergoing rehabilitation. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2002;16:239\u201345.","journal-title":"Pesqui Odontol Bras"},{"key":"691_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2006.120","volume":"202","author":"E Heidari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heidari E, Dickinson C, Wilson R, Fiske J. Oral health of remand prisoners in HMP Brixton. London Br Dent J. 2007;202:E1.","journal-title":"London Br Dent J"},{"key":"691_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-015-0016-8","volume":"15","author":"TC Marques","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marques TC, Sarracini KL, Cortellazzi KL, Mialhe FL, de Castro Meneghim M, Pereira AC, Ambrosano GM. The impact of oral health conditions, socioeconomic status and use of specific substances on quality of life of addicted persons. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15:38.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"691_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"PH51","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.882611","volume":"18","author":"H Ma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ma H, Shi XC, Hu DY, Li X. The poor oral health status of former heroin users treated with methadone in a Chinese city. Med Sci Monit. 2012;18:PH51\u20135.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"691_CR27","first-page":"49","volume":"29","author":"T Gupta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gupta T, Shah N, Mathur VP, Dhawan A. Oral health status of a group of illicit drug users in Delhi. India Community Dent Health. 2012;29:49\u201354.","journal-title":"India Community Dent Health"},{"key":"691_CR28","first-page":"460856","volume":"2012","author":"S Reddy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reddy S, Kaul S, Agrawal C, Prasad MG, Agnihotri J, Bhowmik N, Amudha D, Kambali S. Periodontal status amongst substance abusers in Indian population. ISRN Dent. 2012;2012:460856.","journal-title":"ISRN Dent"},{"key":"691_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00480.x","volume":"52","author":"AS Reece","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reece AS. Dentition of addiction in Queensland: poor dental status and major contributing drugs. Aust Dent J. 2007;52:144\u20139.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-018-0691-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-018-0691-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-018-0691-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T19:07:31Z","timestamp":1578337651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-018-0691-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-018-0691-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 May 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was voluntary and all respondents provided their written informed consent. Anonymous patient-characteristic forms and anonymous questionnaires were used for data collection. The Tehran University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee approved the study (nr 90\u201301\u201369-12,900-1).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"5"}}