{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:22:59Z","timestamp":1789467779586,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0724-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T14:08:14Z","timestamp":1550066894000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Stress on facial skin of class III subjects during maxillary protraction: a finite element analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5220-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Gazzani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pavoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Lione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"724_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.2319\/030207-108.1","volume":"78","author":"L Toffol De","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Toffol L, Pavoni C, Baccetti T, Franchi L, Cozza P. Orthopedic treatment outcomes in class III malocclusion. A systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2008;78(3):561\u201373.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"issue":"6","key":"724_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.2319\/052414-366.1","volume":"85","author":"C Pavoni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pavoni C, Masucci C, Cerroni S, Franchi L, Cozza P. Short-term effects produced by rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy in class III patients with different vertical skeletal relationships. Angle Orthod. 2015;85(6):927\u201333.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"724_CR3","first-page":"20","volume":"10","author":"C Pavoni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pavoni C, Mucedero M, Baccetti T, Franchi L, Polimeni A, Cozza P. The effects of facial mask\/bite block therapy with or without rapid palatal expansion. Prog Othod. 2009;10:20\u20138.","journal-title":"Prog Othod"},{"issue":"4","key":"724_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjt067","volume":"36","author":"L Franchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Franchi L, Pavoni C, Cerroni S, Cozza P. Thin-plate spline analysis of mandibular morphological changes induced by early class III treatment: a long-term evaluation. Eur J Orthod. 2014;36(4):425\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"724_CR5","first-page":"493","volume":"140","author":"C Masucci","year":"2011","unstructured":"Masucci C, Franchi L, Defraia E, Mucedero M, Cozza P, Baccetti T. Stability of rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy: a long-term controlled study. AJODO. 2011;140:493\u2013500.","journal-title":"AJODO"},{"issue":"3","key":"724_CR6","first-page":"361","volume":"136","author":"P Gautam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gautam P, Valiathan A, Adhikari R. Maxillary protraction with and without maxillary expansion: a finite element analysis of sutural stresses. AJODO. 2009;136(3):361\u20136.","journal-title":"AJODO."},{"issue":"3","key":"724_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cju039","volume":"37","author":"KY Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim KY, Bayome M, Park JH, Kim KB, Mo S-S, Kook Y-A. Displacement and stress distribution of the maxillofacial complex during maxillary protraction with buccal versus palatal plates: finite element analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2015;37(3):275\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"724_CR8","first-page":"352","volume":"47","author":"G Cacciatore","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cacciatore G, Poletti L, Ghislanzoni LH. A chairside customized chin cup. J Clin Orthod. 2013;47(6):352.","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"724_CR9","first-page":"579","volume":"72","author":"J Delaire","year":"1971","unstructured":"Delaire J. Manufacture of the \u201corthopedic mask\u201d. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 1971;72(5):579\u201382.","journal-title":"Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"724_CR10","first-page":"168","volume":"17","author":"J Delaire","year":"1979","unstructured":"Delaire J. Treatment of class III with dentofacial orthopedic mask. Acta Odontol Venez. 1979;17(2\u20133):168\u2013200.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Venez"},{"key":"724_CR11","unstructured":"Petit HP. Adaptation following accelerated facial mask therapy. In: McNamara JA Jr, Ribbens KA, Howe RP, eds. Clinical Alteration of the Growing Face. 1983. Monograph 14, craniofacial growth series. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan;"},{"issue":"5","key":"724_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-2059","volume":"38","author":"E Staderini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Staderini E, Patini R, De Luca M, Gallenzi P. Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric analysis of nasolabial soft tissue effects of rapid maxillary expansion: a systematic review of clinical trials. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2018;38(5):399\u2013408.","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"724_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gazzani F, Pavoni C, Giancotti A, Cozza P, Lione R. Facemask performance during maxillary protraction: a finite element analysis (FEA) evaluation of load and stress distribution on Delaire facemask. Progr in Orthod 2018; 9;19(1):21;","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-018-0217-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"724_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406415","volume":"269","author":"PG Agache","year":"1980","unstructured":"Agache PG, Monneur C, Leveque JL, De Rigal J. Mechanical properties and Young\u2019s modulus of human skin in vivo. Arch Dermatol Res. 1980;269(3):221\u201332.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"724_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjt091","volume":"36","author":"E Yepes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yepes E, Quintero P, Rueda ZV, Pedroza A. Optimal force for maxillary protraction facemask therapy in the early treatment of class III malocclusion. Eur J Orthod. 2014;36(5):586\u201394M.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"724_CR16","first-page":"27","volume":"117","author":"T Alcan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alcan T, Keles A, Erverdi N. The effects of a modified protraction headgear on maxilla. AJODO. 2000;117(1):27\u201338.","journal-title":"AJODO."},{"issue":"3","key":"724_CR17","first-page":"210","volume":"16","author":"R Lione","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lione R, Buongiorno M, Lagan\u00e0 G, Cozza P, Franchi L. Early treatment of class III malocclusion with RME and facial mask: evaluation of dentoalveolar effects on digital dental casts. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(3):210\u201320.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"724_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2005.04.007","volume":"11","author":"P Ngan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ngan P. Early timely treatment of class III malocclusion. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:140\u20135.","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"724_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.05.001","volume":"138","author":"P Cozza","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cozza P, Baccetti T, Mucedero M, Pavoni C, Franchi L. Treatment and posttreatment effects of a facial mask combined with a bite- block appliance in class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;138:300\u201310.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"724_CR20","first-page":"80","volume":"112","author":"L Franchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Franchi L, Baccetti T, Tollaro I. Predictive variables for the outcome of early functional treatment of class III malocclusion. AJODO. 1997;112(1):80\u20136.","journal-title":"AJODO."},{"issue":"1","key":"724_CR21","first-page":"15","volume":"102","author":"R Nanda","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nanda R, Kierl M. Prediction of cooperation in orthodontic treatment. AJODO. 1992;102(1):15\u201321.","journal-title":"AJODO."},{"issue":"3","key":"724_CR22","first-page":"175","volume":"53","author":"P Campbell","year":"1983","unstructured":"Campbell P. The dilemma of class III treatment: early or late? Angle Orthod. 1983;53(3):175\u201319.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"724_CR23","first-page":"533","volume":"150","author":"B Stocker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stocker B, Willmann JH, Wilmes B, Vasudavan S, Drescher D. Wear-time recording during early class III facemask treatment using TheraMon chip technology. AJODO. 2016;150(3):533\u201340.","journal-title":"AJODO"},{"key":"724_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ozkalayci N, Cicek O. When Do Skeletal Class III Patients Wear Their Reverse Pull Headgears? Biomed Res. Int. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/3546262 ;","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3546262"},{"issue":"1","key":"724_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.026","volume":"151","author":"JH Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park JH, Bayome M, Zahrowski JJ, Kook Y-A. Displacement and stress distribuition by different bone-borne palatal expanders with facemask: a 3-dimensional finite analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2017;151(1):105\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"724_CR26","unstructured":"Parenti S, Checchi V, Molinari C, Bonetti GA. Periodontal side effect during orthopedic face mask therapy. Inter J Orthod. 2015;26(4)."}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-019-0724-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-019-0724-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-019-0724-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T20:46:49Z","timestamp":1662929209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-019-0724-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-019-0724-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"31"}}