{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T09:21:11Z","timestamp":1793870471043,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0734-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T13:04:11Z","timestamp":1552482251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prevalence and relevant factors of halitosis in Chinese subjects: a clinical research"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Minquan","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leitao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqiao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"734_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1977.48.1.13","volume":"48","author":"J Tonzetich","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tonzetich J. Production and origin of oral malodor: a review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. J Periodontol. 1977;48:13\u201320.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"734_CR2","first-page":"300","volume":"75","author":"A Zalewska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zalewska A, Zatonski M, Jablonka-Strom A, et al. Halitosis--a common medical and social problem. A review on pathology, diagnosis and treatment [J]. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2012;75(3):300\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"734_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38954.631968.AE","volume":"333","author":"SR Porter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Porter SR, Scully C. Oral malodour (halitosis). BMJ. 2006;333:632\u20135.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"734_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12280","volume":"41","author":"A Gulsahi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gulsahi A, Evirgen S, Oztas B, Genc Y, Cetinel Y. Volatile Sulphur compound levels and related factors in patients with chronic renal failure. J Clin Periodontol. 2014;41:814\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"734_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2003.00879.x","volume":"9","author":"J Katz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Katz J, Shenkman A, Stavropoulos F, Melzer E. Oral signs and symptoms in relation to disease activity and site of involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Oral Dis. 2003;9:34\u201340.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"734_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1622","volume":"15","author":"SA Mokeem","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mokeem SA. Halitosis: a review of the etiologic factors and association with systemic conditions and its management. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2014;15:806\u201311.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"734_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-9-94","volume":"9","author":"T Zaitsu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zaitsu T, Ueno M, Shinada K, Wright FA, Kawaguchi Y. Social anxiety disorder in genuine halitosis patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011;9:94.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"734_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12206","volume":"41","author":"S Kursun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kursun S, Acar B, Atakan C, Oztas B, Paksoy CS. Relationship between genuine and pseudohalitosis and social anxiety disorder. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;41:822\u20138.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"734_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12242","volume":"15","author":"HX Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu HX, Chen XL, Wong M, Zhu C, Ye W. Oral health impact of halitosis in Chinese adults. Int J Dent Hyg. 2016;15(4):e85\u201392.","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"734_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2007.00274.x","volume":"6","author":"S Rayman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rayman S, Almas K. Halitosis among racially diverse populations: an update. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008;6:2\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"734_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12198","volume":"20","author":"HX Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu HX, Tang C, Chen X, Wong MC, Ye W. Characteristics of patients complaining of halitosis and factors associated with halitosis. Oral Dis. 2014;20:787\u201395.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"734_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155592","volume":"11","author":"X Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen X, Zhang Y, Lu HX, Feng XP. Factors associated with halitosis in white -collar employees in Shanghai, China. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0155592.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"734_CR13","first-page":"196","volume":"7","author":"P Youngnak-Piboonratanakit","year":"2010","unstructured":"Youngnak-Piboonratanakit P, Vachirarojpisan T. Prevalence of self-perceived Oral malodor in a Group of Thai Dental Patients. J Dent (Tehran). 2010;7(4):196\u2013204.","journal-title":"J Dent (Tehran)"},{"key":"734_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2001.028009813.x","volume":"28","author":"M Morita","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morita M, Wang H-L. Association between oral malodor and adult periodontitis: a review. J Clin Periodontol. 2001;28:813\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"734_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12111","volume":"71","author":"S Geest De","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Geest S, Laleman I, Teughels W, Dekeyser C, Quirynen M. Periodontal diseases as a source of halitosis: a review of the evidence and treatment approaches for dentists and dental hygienists. Periodontol 2000. 2016;71:213\u201327.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"14","key":"734_CR16","first-page":"eo233","volume":"97","author":"J Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang J, Li CY, Jiang JH. Effects of fixed orthodontic brackets on oral malodor: a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(14):eo233.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"734_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01478.x","volume":"36","author":"M Quirynen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quirynen M, Dadamio J, Van de Velde S, De Smet M, Dekeyser C, Van Tornhout M, et al. Characteristics of 2000 patients who visited a halitosis clinic. J Clin Periodontol. 2009;36:970\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"734_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2017.01109","volume":"11","author":"KY Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi KY, Lee BS, Kim JH, Kim JJ, Jang Y, Choi JW, et al. Assessment of volatile sulfur compounds in adult and pediatric chronic tonsillitis PatientsReceiving tonsillectomy. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;11(3):210\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"39","key":"734_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4223","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004223","volume":"95","author":"W Dou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dou W, Li J, Xu L, Zhu J, Hu K, Sui Z, et al. Halitosis andhelicobacter pyloriinfection a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(39):e4223.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"734_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2012.39","volume":"4","author":"CM Bollen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach. Bollen CM, Beikler T. Int J Oral Sci 2012; 4(2):55\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"734_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-017-0176-1","volume":"5","author":"M Tsuruta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsuruta M, Takahashi T, Tokunaga M, Iwasaki M, Kataoka S, Kakuta S, et al. Relationships between pathologic subjective halitosis, olfactory reference syndrome, and social anxiety in young Japanese women. BMC Psychol. 2017;5:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-017-0176-1 .","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"734_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.149033","volume":"4","author":"MM Hammad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hammad MM, Darwazeh AM, Al-Waeli H, Tarakji B, Alhadithy TT. Prevalence and awareness of halitosis in a sample of Jordanian population. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2014;4:178\u201386.","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"key":"734_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080310","volume":"80","author":"MM Bornstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bornstein MM, Stocker BL, Seemann R, Burgin WB, Lussi A. Prevalence of halitosis in young male adults: a study in swiss army recruits comparing self-reported and clinical data. J Periodontol. 2009;80:24\u201331.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"734_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1996.0239","volume":"127","author":"M Rosenberg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rosenberg M. Clinical assessment of bad br eath: current concepts. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996;127:475\u201382.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc."},{"key":"734_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01473.x","volume":"36","author":"B Vandekerckhove","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vandekerckhove B, Van den Velde S, De Smit M, Dadamio J, Teughels W, Van Tornout M, Quirynen M. Clinical reliability of non-organoleptic oral malodour measurements. J Clin Periodontol. 2009;36:964\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"734_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050388","volume":"77","author":"T Murata","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murata T, Rahardjo A, Fujiyama Y, Yamaga T, Hanada M, Yaegaki K, Miyazaki H. Development of a compact and simple gas chromatography for oral malodor measurement. J Periodontol. 2006;77:1142\u20137.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"734_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080389","volume":"80","author":"DJ Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim DJ, Lee JY, Kho HS, Chung JW, Park HK, Kim YK. A new organoleptic testing method for evaluating halitosis. J Periodontol. 2009;80:93\u20137.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"734_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-595X.2002.tb00921.x","volume":"52","author":"T Murata","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murata T, Yamaga T, Iida T, Miyazaki H, Yaegaki K. Classification and examination of halitosis. Int Dent J. 2002;52(Suppl 3):181\u20136.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"734_CR29","volume-title":"Oral health surveys basic methods. 4","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1997","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Oral health surveys basic methods. 4. Geneva: WHO; 1997."},{"key":"734_CR30","first-page":"281","volume":"32","author":"J Ainamo","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ainamo J, Barmes D, Beagrie G, Cutress T, Martin J, Sardo-Infirri J. Development of the World Health Organization (WHO) community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Int Dent J. 1982;32:281\u201391.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"734_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.9.776","volume":"63","author":"M Rosenberg","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rosenberg M, McCulloch CA. Measurement of oral malodor: current methods and future prospects. J Periodontol. 1992;63:776\u201382.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"734_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140214","volume":"10","author":"SY Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim SY, Sim S, Kim SG, Park B, Choi HG. Prevalence and associated factors of subjective halitosis in Korean adolescents. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0140214.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"734_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1995.66.8.679","volume":"66","author":"H Miyazaki","year":"1995","unstructured":"Miyazaki H, Sakao S, Katoh Y, Takehara T. Correlation between volatile Sulphur compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population. J Periodontol. 1995;66:679\u201384.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"734_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00862.x","volume":"33","author":"XN Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu XN, Shinada K, Chen XC, Zhang BX, Yaegaki K, Kawaguchi Y. Oral malodor related parameters in the Chinese general population. J Clin Periodontol. 2006;33(1):31\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"734_CR35","first-page":"6","volume":"7","author":"A Dudzik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dudzik A, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M, Lazarz-Bartyzel K. An evaluation of halitosis using Oral Chroma\u2122 data manager, organoleptic scores and patients\u2019 subjective opinions. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7(3):6\u201311.","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"734_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2007.1106","volume":"204","author":"AC Rio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rio AC, Franchi-Teixeira AR, Nicola EM. Relationship between the presence of tonsilloliths and halitosis in patients with chronic caseous tonsillitis. Br Dent J. 2008;204(2):E4.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"734_CR37","first-page":"59","volume":"5","author":"DA Tulupov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tulupov DA, Bakhmutov DN, Karpova EP. Halitosis concomitant with chronic ENT pathology in children. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2013;5:59\u201361.","journal-title":"Vestn Otorinolaringol"},{"key":"734_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2008.00266.x","volume":"48","author":"C Scully","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scully C, Greenman J. Halitosis (breath odor). Periodontol 2000. 2008;48:66\u201375.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"734_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1994.65.1.37","volume":"65","author":"A Bosy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bosy A, Kulkarni GV, Rosenberg M, McCulloch CA. Relationship of oral malodor to periodontitis: evidence of independence in discrete subpopulations. J Periodontol. 1994;65:37\u201346.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"734_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1998.0109","volume":"129","author":"GJ Christensen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Christensen GJ. Why clean your tongue? J Am Dent Assoc. 1998;129:1605\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc."},{"key":"734_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12525","volume":"43","author":"AS Erovic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Erovic AS, Martensson C, Persson GR, Renvert S. The effect of periodontal therapy on intra-oral halitosis: a case series. J Clin Periodontol. 2016;43:445\u201352.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"734_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12046","volume":"12","author":"T Amou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amou T, Hinode D, Yoshioka M, Grenier D. Relationship between halitosis and periodontal disease - associated oral bacteria in tongue coatings. Int J Dent Hyg. 2014;12:145\u201351.","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"734_CR43","first-page":"300","volume":"37","author":"W Zhu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhu W, Sha Y. The relationship between oral malodor, VSCs levels in the mouth air with periodontitis and tongue coating. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2002;37:300\u20133.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"734_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.165929","volume":"5","author":"AC Bolepalli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bolepalli AC, Munireddy C, Peruka S, Polepalle T, Choudary AL, Mishaeel S. Determining the association between oral malodor and periodontal disease: a case control study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5:413\u20138.","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent."},{"key":"734_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12521","volume":"43","author":"A Iatropoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iatropoulos A, Panis V, Mela E, Stefaniotis T, Madianos PN, Papaioannou W. Changes of volatile Sulphur compounds during therapy of a case series of patients with chronic periodontitis and halitosis. J Clin Periodontol. 2016;43:359\u201365.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"734_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-595X.2002.tb00932.x","volume":"52","author":"I Kleinberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kleinberg I, Wolff MS, Codipilly DM. Role of saliva in oral dryness, oral feel and oral malodour. Int Dent J. 2002;52:236\u201340.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"3","key":"734_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2010.0161","volume":"141","author":"RC Wiener","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wiener RC, Wu B, Crout R, Wiener M, Plassman B, Kao E, et al. Hyposalivation and xerostomia in dentate older adults. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010;141(3):279\u201384.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"734_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2001.113778","volume":"85","author":"SP Humphrey","year":"2001","unstructured":"Humphrey SP, Williamson RT. A review of saliva: normal composition, flow, and function. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;85(2):162\u20139.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"734_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2002.02851.x","volume":"8","author":"AM Pedersen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pedersen AM, Bardow A, Jensen SB, Nauntofte B. Saliva and gastrointestinal functions of taste, mastication, swallowing and digestion. Oral Dis. 2002;8(3):117\u201329.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-019-0734-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-019-0734-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-019-0734-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T19:27:05Z","timestamp":1721071625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-019-0734-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-019-0734-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the School & Hospital of Stomatology of Wuhan University (Wuhan, China). All the patients gave their written informed consent for participation in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"45"}}