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SMP is a part-time Clinical Lecturer in Paediatric Dentistry in the Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong. Currently, she is also in private practice. CPJM is a Clinical Professor in Dental Public Health in the Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 information"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Participants\u2019 parents or legal guardians provided their written consent and the participants were asked to provide their verbal assent. To guarantee confidentiality, identifying information was replaced by de-identified data file after linkage identifiers were created. Ethics approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong\/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (reference number: UW 12\u2013140).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"47"}}