{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:19:04Z","timestamp":1772165944649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585180800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GSK CH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Plaque-induced gingivitis can be prevented and treated with regular effective oral hygiene, principally via mechanical cleaning with regular toothbrushing. To complement the mechanical plaque removal, antimicrobial ingredients can be incorporated into dentifrices to inhibit the growth of plaque. This study aimed to evaluate and compare gingivitis and the proportion of subjects moving between gingivitis severity (&lt;\u200910, &gt;\u200910\u2009&lt;\u200930, &gt;\u200930% bleeding sites), and plaque reduction, following twice daily use of an experimental non-aqueous 0.454% weight\/weight (w\/w) stannous fluoride (SnF\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) dentifrice, compared to a negative control dentifrice over 12 and 24\u2009weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a single-center, examiner-blinded, randomized, stratified, two-treatment arm, parallel group, 24-week clinical study in healthy adult volunteers with moderate gingivitis. At baseline, after abstaining from toothbrushing overnight, subjects underwent MGI (modified gingival index), BI (bleeding index) and PI (plaque index) assessments. Eligible subjects, who met the inclusion\/exclusion criteria, were stratified based on gender and baseline mean MGI score (Low \u22642.00 \/High &gt;\u20092.00) and randomized to treatment. Following randomization, subjects underwent a thorough dental prophylaxis and flossing. After 12 and 24\u2009weeks of twice daily brushing with their allocated treatment, subjects returned to the site (with overnight plaque, having abstained from oral hygiene procedures for 8\u2009h prior to visit) for MGI, BI and PI assessments. Treatment effect was evaluated by comparing the MGI, BI and PI scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and twenty-nine subjects were screened; 98 subjects were randomized and 90 subjects completed the study. Statistically significant differences between treatments, in favour of the 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice were observed, compared to the negative control dentifrice, for all outcome measures (MGI, BI, bleeding sites and PI at weeks 12 and 24\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.0001). At 24\u2009weeks, 71% of subjects in the 0.453% SnF\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      treatment group demonstrated &lt;\u200910% of bleeding sites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A dentifrice containing 0.454% w\/w SnF\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      was shown to be superior to a standard dentifrice in controlling gingivitis and supra-gingival plaque, over a 24-week period. Over two thirds of subjects in the 0.454% SnF\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      treatment group demonstrated a level of bleeding sites potentially representative of \u201cclinical periodontal health\u201d (&lt;\u200910%) following a dental prophylaxis and 24\u2009weeks of product use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, on 11th Oct. 2019 (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/record\/NCT04123665\">NCT04123665<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01079-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T08:03:08Z","timestamp":1585209788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Gingivitis efficacy of a 0.454% w\/w stannous fluoride dentifrice: a 24-week randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"C. R.","family":"Parkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. R.","family":"Milleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Milleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1079_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2011.00425.x","volume":"60","author":"PE Petersen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Petersen PE, Ogawa H. The global burden of periodontal disease: towards integration with chronic disease prevention and control. Periodontol 2000. 2012;60(1):15\u201339.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"1079_CR2","unstructured":"Chapple IL, Gilbert AD, Wilson NHF. Understanding Periodontal Diseases: Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures. 1st ed. 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This study was reviewed by an independent review board (\u2018U.S. Investigational Review Board Inc\u2019, Miami, FL 33143) IRB number: U.S.IRB 2013SRI\/04; Reference: RH01515.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"CP is an employee of GSKCH a manufacturer of one of the products in this study. This study was sponsored by GSKCH. JLM and KRM are employees of Salus Research, Inc., a contract research organization who have received funding from GSKCH.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"89"}}