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Researchers have found the association of many factors with the occurrence of RAS, and proposed oral bacterial infection could be a cause for this disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate whether the occurrence of RAS is associated with oral bacterial infection, we performed high throughput sequencing analysis of bacterial samples collected from the normal oral mucosa and aphthous ulcers of 24 patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes were the most abundant phyla in the microbiomes analysed. The alpha diversities of the oral mucosa and aphthous ulcer microbiomes were similar, suggesting a similar richness and diversity. The NMDS analysis showed the oral mucosa and aphthous ulcer microbiomes are significantly different. This suggestion is further supported by Anosim, MRPP, and Adonis analyses. More detailed comparison of the two groups of microbiomes suggested that the occurrence of RAS is significantly associated with the increase of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Alloprevotella<\/jats:italic>, as well as the decrease of <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Considering <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> is a very common intestinal bacterium, we propose that <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> colonization could be a cause for RAS, and controlling <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> colonization could help curing RAS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01115-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T10:03:01Z","timestamp":1588154581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Comparison of microbiomes in ulcerative and normal mucosa of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS)-affected patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zhongjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1115_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2012.01134.x","volume":"41","author":"M Chavan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chavan M, Jain H, Diwan N, Khedkar S, Shete A, Durkar S. 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Consent to participate was obtained from all subjects verbally as samples were taken from outpatients in scenarios where patients\u2019 time is limited for the purpose of preparing necessary written documents. This procedure was approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"128"}}