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Following SRP, the participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment modalities; (1) placebo (n\u2009=\u200915), (2) probiotics (n\u2009=\u200916) and (3) antibiotics-azithromycin (n\u2009=\u200916). The participants were monitored at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12\u00a0months after therapy. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and plaque accumulation (PI) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All 47 participants completed the study. At 12\u00a0months, all groups showed significant improvements of PPD and PI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.012) irrespective of the treatment modality and without significant differences between the groups. Probiotics and azithromycin showed no added benefit in terms of CAL. While the placebo (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and the\u00a0antibiotic-azithromycin (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) group showed a significant reduction of BOP, only the placebo group revealed a significant reduction of CAL at 12\u00a0months follow-up (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). The number of sites and teeth with PPD\u2009\u2265\u20095,\u2009\u2265\u20096 and\u2009\u2265\u20097\u00a0mm were significantly reduced in all groups at 12\u00a0months follow-up (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.025) irrespective of the treatment regime and without significant differences between the groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of probiotics or azithromycin as an adjunct to SRP failed to provide additional benefits in the treatment of stage III periodontitis. The benefits of these two treatment regimes as an adjunct to SRP remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT02839408, 10\/28\/2017, Clinicaltrial.gov.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01276-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T08:04:57Z","timestamp":1610006697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Clinical effects of probiotic or azithromycin as an adjunct to scaling and root planning in the treatment of stage III periodontitis: a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02839408","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Alicia","family":"Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Contador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Carvajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5832-7327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz-Josef","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7703-6587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Gamonal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"1276_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12945","volume":"45","author":"MS Tonetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. 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