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In contrast, memory B cells, resting dendritic, mast cells and CD4 memory cells, as well as activated mast cells, M1 and M2 macrophages, and follicular helper T cells, were mainly present in healthy periodontal tissues. Furthermore, these periodontitis tissues generally contained a higher proportion of activated CD4 memory T cells, while the other subtypes of T cells, including resting CD4 memory T cells, CD8 T cells, follicular helper T cells (T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub>) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), were relatively lower in periodontitis tissues, when compared to healthy tissues. The ratio of dendritic and mast cells and macrophages was lower in periodontitis tissues, when compared to healthy tissues. In addition, there was a significant negative association of plasma cells with most of the other immune cells, such as plasma cells <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> memory B cells (\u03b3\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.84), plasma cells <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> resting dendritic cells (\u03b3\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.64), plasma cells <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> resting CD4 memory T cells (\u03b3\u2009=\u20090.50), plasma cells versus activated dendritic cells (\u03b3\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.46), plasma cells versus T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub> (\u03b3\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.46), plasma cells versus macrophage M2 cells (\u03b3\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.43), or plasma cells versus macrophage M1 cells (\u03b3\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.40), between healthy control and periodontitis tissues.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Plasma cells, naive B cells and neutrophils were all elevated in periodontitis tissues. The infiltration of different immune cell subtypes in the periodontitis site could lead the host immunity against periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01287-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T12:05:57Z","timestamp":1603800357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Differential immune cell infiltrations between healthy periodontal and chronic periodontitis tissues"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuo-min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1287_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01408.x","volume":"36","author":"A Savage","year":"2009","unstructured":"Savage A, Eaton KA, Moles DR, Needleman I. 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