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Fifteen patients treated by Twin-Block and following fixed appliance were included into the TB group. Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before treatment and immediately after fixed appliance treatment were used to evaluate mandibular growth effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The starting forms of the patients in the two groups were examined to be of good comparability. The mandibular length increased significantly in both groups as measured by Co-Gn, Go-Gn and Ar-Gn, but the TB group didn\u2019t show more mandibular growth than the RME group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Skeletal changes of the mandible in vertical dimension were different in the two groups. The change in FMA was 0.35\u00b0 in the RME group, while the change was 2.65\u00b0 in the TB group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The change in LAFH was 5.14\u00a0mm in the RME group, significantly smaller than the change of 10.19\u00a0mm in the TB group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The investigated Phase I treatment with RME followed by Phase II treatment of fixed appliance achieved the same increases in sagittal mandibular growth and facial profile improvements as the Twin-Block therapy. The treatment with RME followed by fixed appliance was better for vertical control, while the treatment with Twin-Block followed by fixed appliance significantly increased the mandibular plane angle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01344-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T08:04:14Z","timestamp":1606809854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of the effects of rapid maxillary expansion versus Twin Block appliance on mandibular growth in skeletal Class II patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jia-Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zan-Zan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5620-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai-Ping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1344_CR1","first-page":"177","volume":"51","author":"JA McNamara Jr","year":"1981","unstructured":"McNamara JA Jr. Components of class II malocclusion in children 8\u201310 years of age. 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