{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:33:51Z","timestamp":1787020431783,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The systemic inflammatory response and nutritional status of patients with malignant tumors are related to postoperative results. We examined the usefulness of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) as a prognostic tool in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent radical surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2008 to 2019, 102 patients (73 males, 29 females; age, 65.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.8\u00a0years) who visited our hospital and underwent surgical therapy were included in this study. The endpoint was the total survival period, and the evaluation markers included the lymphocyte count and albumin level in peripheral blood obtained 4\u00a0weeks preoperatively, age, sex, alcohol consumption, smoking history, site of the tumor, pathological stage, and surgery status. The PNI was calculated using serum albumin levels and the peripheral blood lymphocyte count. The relationship between the PNI and patient characteristics were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. The Kaplan\u2013Meier method was used to evaluate the survival rate. The survival periods were compared using the log-rank method. We evaluated the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in a logistic regression model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tumor sites included the maxilla (n\u2009=\u200912), buccal mucosa (n\u2009=\u200911), mandible (n\u2009=\u200917), floor of the mouth (n\u2009=\u20099), and tongue (n\u2009=\u200953). The number of patients with stage I, II, III, and IV oral cancers was 28 (27.5%), 34 (27.5%), 26 (33.3%), and 14 (13.7%), respectively. During the observation period, 21 patients died of head and neck cancer. The optimal cut-off PNI value was 42.9, according to the receiver operating characteristic analysis. The proportion of patients with a short OS was lower in those with PNI higher than 42.9, and the 5-year OS in patients with PNI higher and lower than the cut-off value was 62.3% and 86.0%, respectively (P\u2009=\u20090.0105).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The OS of patients with PNI\u2009&lt;\u200942.9 was lower than that of patients with PNI\u2009\u2265\u200942.9. The PNI, which is a preoperative head-to-foot inflammatory marker, can help in estimating the prognosis of oral cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01394-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T03:03:37Z","timestamp":1611284617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Prognostic impact of the prognostic nutritional index in cases of resected oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8215-2769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Ishihama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Furuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1394_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937","volume":"144","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin DM, Pi\u00f1eros M, et al. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer. 2019;144:1941\u201353.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"1394_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2013.0113","volume":"11","author":"DG Pfister","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pfister DG, Ang KK, Brizel DM, Burtness BA, Busse PM, Caudell JJ, et al. Head and neck cancers, version 2.2013. Featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2013;11:917\u201323.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw."},{"key":"1394_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(03)00119-0","volume":"41","author":"J McMahon","year":"2003","unstructured":"McMahon J, O\u2019Brien CJ, Pathak I, Hamill R, McNeill E, Hammersley N, et al. Influence of condition of surgical margins on local recurrence and disease- specific survival in oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;41:224\u201331.","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1394_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.09.071","volume":"68","author":"A Capote-Moreno","year":"2010","unstructured":"Capote-Moreno A, Naval L, Mu\u00f1oz-Guerra MF, Sastre J, Rodr\u00edguez-Campo FJ. Prognostic factors influencing contralateral neck lymph node metastases in oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:268\u201375.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1394_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200012000-00016","volume":"110","author":"F Tank\u00e9r\u00e9","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tank\u00e9r\u00e9 F, Camproux A, Barry B, Guedon C, Depondt J, Gehanno P. Prognostic value of lymph node involvement in oral cancers: a study of 137 cases. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:2061\u20135.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"1394_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0263-9","volume":"16","author":"L Preda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Preda L, Chiesa F, Calabrese L, Latronico A, Bruschini R, Leon ME, et al. Relationship between histologic thickness of tongue carcinoma and thickness estimated from preoperative MRI. Eur Radiol. 2006;16:2242\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"1394_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20678","volume":"30","author":"AP Yuen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yuen AP, Ng RW, Lam PK, Ho A. Preoperative measurement of tumor thickness of oral tongue carcinoma with intraoral ultrasonography. Head Neck. 2008;30:230\u20134.","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"1394_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32832a7902","volume":"12","author":"DC McMillan","year":"2009","unstructured":"McMillan DC. Systemic inflammation, nutritional status and survival in patients with cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12:223\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"1394_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.09.136","volume":"6","author":"CS Roxburgh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roxburgh CS, McMillan DC. Role of systemic inflammatory response in predicting survival in patients with primary operable cancer. Future Oncol. 2010;6:149\u201363.","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"1394_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2014.10.007","volume":"53","author":"OM Farhan-Alanie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Farhan-Alanie OM, McMahon J, McMillan DC. Systemic inflammatory response and survival in patients undergoing curative resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;53:126\u201331.","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1394_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6606087","volume":"104","author":"MJ Proctor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Proctor MJ, Morrison DS, Talwar D, Balmer SM, O\u2019Reilly DS, Foulis AK, et al. An inflammation-based prognostic score (mGPS) predicts cancer survival independent of tumour site: a Glasgow Inflammation Outcome Study. Br J Cancer. 2011;104:726\u201334.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1394_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.12.057","volume":"197","author":"RA Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith RA, Bosonnet L, Raraty M, Sutton R, Neoptoleamos JP, Campbell F, et al. Preoperative platelet-lymphocyte ratio is an independent significant prognostic marker in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg. 2009;197:466\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"1394_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2007.02.014","volume":"34","author":"KJ Halazun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Halazun KJ, Aldoori A, Malik HZ, Al-Mukhtar A, Prasad KR, Toogood GJ, et al. Elevated preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts survival following hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008;34:55\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1394_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.03.028","volume":"47","author":"MJ Proctor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Proctor MJ, Morrison DS, Talwar D, Balmer SM, Fletcher DS, O\u2019Reilly DS, et al. A comparison of inflammation-based prognostic scores in patients with cancer. A Glasgow Inflammation Outcome Study. Eur J Cancer. 2011;47:2633\u201341.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer."},{"key":"1394_CR15","first-page":"1605","volume":"6","author":"JF Feng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Feng JF, Huang Y, Liu JS. Combination of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet lymphocyte ratio as a useful predictor of postoperative survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2013;6:1605\u201312.","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"1394_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2009.01.023","volume":"45","author":"S Teramukai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Teramukai S, Kitano T, Kishida Y, Kawahara M, Kubota K, Komuta K, et al. Pretreatment neutrophil count as an independent prognostic factor in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an analysis of Japan Multinational Trial Organisation LC00-03. Eur J Cancer. 2009;45:1950\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"1394_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181a77e59","volume":"250","author":"KJ Halazun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Halazun KJ, Hardy MA, Rana AA, Woodland DC IV, Luyten EJ, Mahadev S, et al. Negative impact of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2009;250:141\u201351.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"1394_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-012-0226-8","volume":"29","author":"DS Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang DS, Luo HY, Qiu MZ, Wang ZQ, Zhang DS, Wang FH, et al. Comparison of the prognostic values of various inflammation based factors in patients with pancreatic cancer. Med Oncol. 2012;29:3092\u2013100.","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"1394_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S82437","volume":"8","author":"QX Pan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pan QX, Su ZJ, Zhang JH, Wang CR, Ke SY. A comparison of the prognostic value of preoperative inflammation-based scores and TNM stage in patients with gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 2015;8:1375\u201385.","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"1394_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19655","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28565","volume":"234","author":"Y Xue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xue Y, Zhou X, Xue L, Zhou R, Luo J. The role of pretreatment prognostic nutritional index in esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234:19655\u201362.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1394_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.5230\/jgc.2019.19.e29","volume":"19","author":"A Guner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guner A, Kim HI. Biomarkers for evaluating the inflammation status in patients with cancer. J Gastric Cancer. 2019;19:254\u201377.","journal-title":"J Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"1394_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2012.08.003","volume":"39","author":"DC McMillan","year":"2013","unstructured":"McMillan DC. The systemic inflammation based Glasgow Prognostic Score: a decade of experience in patients with cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2013;39:534\u201340.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"1394_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.10.029","volume":"118","author":"H Moon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moon H, Roh JL, Lee SW, Kim SB, Choi SH, Nam SY, et al. Prognostic value of nutritional and hematologic markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated by chemoradiotherapy. Radiother Oncol. 2016;118:330\u20134.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1394_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19655","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28565","volume":"234","author":"Y Xue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xue Y, Zhou X, Xue L, Zhou R, Luo J. The role of pretreatment prognostic nutritional index in esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(11):19655\u201362.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1394_CR25","first-page":"490","volume":"93","author":"K Seaton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Seaton K. Albumin concentration controls cancer. J Natl Med Assoc. 2001;93(12):490\u20133.","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"1394_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-69","volume":"9","author":"D Gupta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gupta D, Lis CG. Pretreatment serum albumin as a predictor of cancer survival: a systematic review of the epidemiological literature. Nutr J. 2010;9:69.","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"1394_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.05.029","volume":"42","author":"Y Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang Y, Gao P, Song Y, Sun J, Chen X, Zhao J, et al. The prognostic nutritional index is a predictive indicator of prognosis and postoperative complications in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016;42:1176\u201382.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1394_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2962","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002962","volume":"95","author":"Y Fu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fu Y, Chen SW, Chen SQ, Ou-Yang D, Liu WW, Song M, et al. A preoperative nutritional index for predicting cancer-specific and overall survival in Chinese patients with laryngeal cancer: a retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e2962.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1394_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Head and Neck Cancer Study Group (HNCSG), Monden N, Asakage T, Kiyota N, Homma A, Matsuura K, et al. A review of head and neck cancer staging system in the TNM classification of malignant tumors (eighth edition). Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019;49:589\u201395.","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyz052"},{"key":"1394_CR30","first-page":"1001","volume":"85","author":"T Onodera","year":"1984","unstructured":"Onodera T, Goseki N, Kosaki G. Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1984;85:1001\u20135 ((in Japanese)).","journal-title":"Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"1394_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0729-0","volume":"13","author":"XJ Du","year":"2015","unstructured":"Du XJ, Tang LL, Mao YP, Guo R, Sun Y, Lin AH, Ma J. Value of the prognostic nutritional index and weight loss in predicting metastasis and long-term mortality in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Transl Med. 2015;13:364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-015-0729-0.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1394_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4732-8","volume":"18","author":"Z Feng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feng Z, Wen H, Ju X, Bi R, Chen X, Yang W, Wu X. The preoperative prognostic nutritional index is a predictive and prog- nostic factor of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):883.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"13","key":"1394_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-017-6065-2","volume":"24","author":"M Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang M, Chang CT, Sung HH, Jeon HG, Jeong BC, Seo SI, et al. Prognostic significance of pre- to postoperative dynamics of the prognostic nutritional index for patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent radical nephrectomy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(13):4067\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-017-6065-2.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1394_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002985","author":"K Okadome","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okadome K, Baba Y, Yagi T, Kiyozumi Y, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Baba H. Prognostic nutritional index, tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes, and prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Ann Surg. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002985.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1394_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.92","volume":"106","author":"DJ Pinato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pinato DJ, North BV, Sharma R. A novel, externally validated inflammation-based prognostic algorithm in hepatocellular carcinoma: the prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Br J Cancer. 2012;106(8):1439\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2012.92.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"1394_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-009-4065-y","volume":"40","author":"T Nozoe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nozoe T, Ninomiya M, Maeda T, Matsukuma A, Nakashima H, Ezaki T. Prognostic Nutritional Index: a tool to predict the biological aggressiveness of gastric carcinoma. Surg Today. 2010;40(5):440\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00595-009-4065-y.","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"1394_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7305","volume":"98","author":"M Kanda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kanda M, Fujii T, Kodera Y, et al. Nutritional predictors of postoperative outcome in pancreatic cancer. The British journal of surgery. 2011;98:268\u201374.","journal-title":"The British journal of surgery"},{"key":"1394_CR38","first-page":"4223","volume":"34","author":"M Ishizuka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ishizuka M, Oyama Y, Abe A, Tago K, Tanaka G, Kubota K. Prognostic nutritional index is associated with survival after total gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer. Anticancer Res. 2014;34:4223\u20139.","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"1394_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-013-2926-5","volume":"20","author":"K Migita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Migita K, Takayama T, Saeki K, Matsumoto S, Wakatsuki K, Enomoto K, et al. The prognostic nutritional index predicts long-term outcomes of gastric cancer patients independent of tumor stage. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20:2647\u201354.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1394_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1526-z","volume":"36","author":"M Watanabe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Watanabe M, Iwatsuki M, Iwagami S, Ishimoto T, Baba Y, Baba H. Prognostic nutritional index predicts outcomes of gastrectomy in the elderly. World J Surg. 2012;36:1632\u20139.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"1394_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-4048-0","volume":"22","author":"A Kinoshita","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kinoshita A, Onoda H, Imai N, Iwaku A, Oishi M, Tanaka K, et al. The C-reactive protein\/albumin ratio, a novel inflammation-based prognostic score, predicts outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22:803\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1394_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4948-7","volume":"23","author":"M Ishizuka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ishizuka M, Nagata H, Takagi K, Iwasaki Y, Shibuya N, Kubota K. Clinical significance of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for survival after surgery for colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016;23:900\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1394_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.92","volume":"106","author":"DJ Pinato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pinato DJ, North BV, Sharma R. A novel, externally validated inflammation-based prognostic algorithm in hepatocellular carcinoma: the prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Br J Cancer. 2012;106:1439\u201345.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1394_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(80)90246-9","volume":"139","author":"GP Buzby","year":"1980","unstructured":"Buzby GP, Mullen JL, Matthews DC, Hobbs CL, Rosato EF. Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery. Am J Surg. 1980;139:160\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"1394_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5383","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3845","volume":"69","author":"I Ray-Coquard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ray-Coquard I, Cropet C, Van Glabbeke M, Sebban C, Le Cesne A, Judson I, et al. Lymphopenia as a prognostic factor for overall survival in advanced carcinomas, sarcomas, and lymphomas. Cancer Res. 2009;69:5383\u201391.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1394_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81683-9","volume":"100","author":"D Hanahan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 2000;100:57\u201370.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1394_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","volume":"144","author":"D Hanahan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144:646\u201374.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1394_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.90","volume":"110","author":"CS Roxburgh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roxburgh CS, McMillan DC. Cancer and systemic inflammation: treat the tumour and treat the host. Br J Cancer. 2014;110:1409\u201312.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1394_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.neo.7900110","volume":"2","author":"AS Haqqani","year":"2000","unstructured":"Haqqani AS, Sandhu JK, Birnboim HC. Expression of interleukin-8 promotes neutrophil infiltration and genetic instability in mutatect tumors. Neoplasia. 2000;2:561\u20138.","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"1394_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.01.006","volume":"42","author":"RM Strieter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strieter RM, Burdick MD, Mestas J, Gomperts B, Keane MP, Belperio JA. Cancer CXC chemokine networks and tumour angiogenesis. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42:768\u201378.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"1394_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e493","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70263-3","volume":"15","author":"CI Diakos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC, Clarke SJ. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:e493-503.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1394_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601789","volume":"90","author":"LM Forrest","year":"2004","unstructured":"Forrest LM, McMillan DC, McArdle CS, Angerson WJ, Dunlop DJ. Comparison of an inflammation-based prognostic score (GPS) with performance status (ECOG) in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy for inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:1704\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1394_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S103996","volume":"9","author":"CX Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang CX, Wang SY, Chen SQ, Yang SL, Wan L, Xiong B. Association between pretreatment Glasgow prognostic score and gastric cancer survival and clinicopathological features: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:3883\u201391.","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"1394_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-010-0554-3","volume":"13","author":"H Shimada","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shimada H, Takiguchi N, Kainuma O, Soda H, Ikeda A, Cho A, et al. High preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts poor survival in patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer. 2010;13:170\u20136.","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"1394_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.292","volume":"107","author":"MJ Proctor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Proctor MJ, McMillan DC, Morrison DS, Fletcher CD, Horgan PG, Clarke SJ. A derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in patients with cancer. Br J Cancer. 2012;107:695\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1394_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2015.10.003","volume":"41","author":"TF Nishijima","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nishijima TF, Muss HB, Shachar SS, Tamura K, Takamatsu Y. Prognostic value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev. 2015;41:971\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"1394_CR57","first-page":"137","volume":"8","author":"Y Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang Y, Feng JF. Low preoperative lymphocyte to monocyte ratio predicts poor cancer-specific survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2015;8:137\u201345.","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"1394_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41370","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5629","volume":"38","author":"XL Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen XL, Xue L, Wang W, Chen HN, Zhang WH, Liu K, et al. Prognostic significance of the combination of preoperative hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet in patients with gastric carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study. Oncotarget. 2015;38:41370\u201382.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"1394_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.354","volume":"107","author":"A Kinoshita","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kinoshita A, Onoda H, Imai N, Iwaku A, Oishi M, Fushiya N, et al. Comparison of the prognostic value of inflammation-based prognostic scores in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2012;107:988\u201393.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1394_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001525","volume":"44","author":"BE Taylor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taylor BE, McClave SA, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A. S. P. E. N.). Crit Care Med. 2016;44:390\u2013438.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"1394_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-016-0920-7","volume":"14","author":"T Mohri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohri T, Mohri Y, Shigemori T, Takeuchi K, Itoh Y, Kato T. Impact of prognostic nutritional index on long-term outcomes in patients with breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol. 2016;14:170.","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1394_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2008.02.011","volume":"87","author":"S Salas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Salas S, Deville JL, Giorgi R, Pignon T, Bagarry D, Barrau K, et al. Nutritional factors as predictors of response to radio-chemotherapy and survival in unresectable squamous head and neck carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 2008;87:195\u2013200.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"1394_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2011.02274.x","volume":"36","author":"HH Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen HH, Chen IH, Liao CT, Wei FC, Lee LY, Huang SF. Preoperative circulating C-reactive protein levels predict pathological aggressiveness in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective clinical study. Clin Otolaryngol. 2011;36:147\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1394_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fearon KC, Voss AC, Hustead DS, Cancer Cachexia Study Group. Definition of cancer cachexia: effect of weight loss, reduced food intake, and systemic inflammation on functional status and prognosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:1345\u201350","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1345"},{"key":"1394_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:30:3:261","volume":"30","author":"TW Du Clos","year":"2004","unstructured":"Du Clos TW, Mold C. C-reactive protein: an activator of innate immunity and a modulator of adaptive immunity. Immunol Res. 2004;30:261\u201377.","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"1394_CR66","first-page":"359","volume":"46","author":"M Krystek-Korpacka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krystek-Korpacka M, Matusiewicz M, Diakowska D, Grabowski K, Blachut K, Kustrzeba-Wojcocka I, et al. Acute-phase response proteins are related to cachexia and accelerated angiogenesis in gastroesophageal cancers. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2008;46:359\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"1394_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520410009609","volume":"39","author":"KP de Jong","year":"2004","unstructured":"de Jong KP, Hoedemakers RM, Fidler V, Bijzet J, Limburg PC, Peeters PM, et al. Portal and systemic serum growth factor and acute-phase response after laparotomy or partial hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases: a prognostic role for C-reactive protein and hepatocyte growth factor. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004;39:1141\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1394_CR68","first-page":"1369","volume":"5","author":"Z Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen Z, Malhotra PS, Thomas GR, Ondrey FG, Duffey DC, Smith CW, et al. Expression of proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines in patients with head and neck cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1999;5:1369\u201379.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01394-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01394-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01394-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T03:08:45Z","timestamp":1611284925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01394-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01394-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-24048\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-24048\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-24048\/v3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-24048\/v4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and in line with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. The present retrospective cohort study was approved by the Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital Institutional Review Board (approval number 2019\u2013046). The ethics committee approved the procedure of this study and gave us administrative permissions to access the data used in this study. The study was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement guidelines for reporting observational studies.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"40"}}