{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:18:13Z","timestamp":1774354693292,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dr. Pfleger Arzneimittel GmbH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Xerostomia is associated with several diseases and is a side effect of certain drugs, resulting from reduced saliva secretion. Often, aged and sometimes younger people suffer from (idiopathic) xerostomia. Chewing gum and sucking pastilles may relieve symptoms of xerostomia by increasing the salivary flow rate due to the mechanical effect of sucking and gustatory stimulation. Swallowing problems and the urge to cough or experiencing a tickling sensation in the throat might be alleviated through a reduction in dry mouth symptoms. We investigated whether a pastille containing four polysaccharides increased the salivary flow rate and relieved the symptoms of dry mouth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participating subjects with xerostomia were randomized into two equally balanced treatment groups. Subjects received the pastille on Day 1 and a control product (Parafilm\u00ae) on Day 3, or vice versa. Unstimulated saliva was collected every 2.5\u00a0min for 0\u201310\u00a0min. Stimulated saliva was collected after subjects sucked the pastille or the control product. The salivary flow rate was determined gravimetrically, and, in parallel, the feeling of dry mouth was assessed using a visual analog scale. Saliva surface tension was measured in pooled saliva samples (0\u20135\u00a0min of sampling). Additionally, in stimulated saliva from six subjects who sucked the pastille, the presence of the main ingredient\u2014gum arabic\u2014was examined by Raman spectroscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chewing the pastille significantly increased the mean salivary flow rate by 8.03\u00a0g\/10\u00a0min compared to the mean changes after chewing the control product (+\u20093.71\u00a0g\/10\u00a0min;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The mean score of dry mouth was significantly alleviated by the pastille (\u2212\u200919.9\u2009\u00b1\u200917.9\u00a0mm) compared to the control product (\u2212\u20093.3\u2009\u00b1\u200918.1\u00a0mm). No difference between the two products was seen regarding the saliva surface tension. Gum arabic was present in the saliva of all investigated subjects for up to 10\u00a0min after sucking the pastille.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pastille was well tolerated and effective in increasing the salivary flow rate and reducing mouth dryness after sucking. These results were in line with the detection of the main ingredient, gum arabic, in saliva for up to 10\u00a0min after sucking the pastille.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Trial registration German Register Clinical Trials (Deutsches Register Klinische Studien, DRKS) DRKS-ID: DRKS00017393, Registered 29 May 2019,<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.drks.de\/drks_web\/navigate.do?navigationId=trial\">https:\/\/www.drks.de\/drks_web\/navigate.do?navigationId=trial<\/jats:ext-link>. HTML&amp;TRIAL_ID\u2009=\u2009DRKS00017393.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01471-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T07:02:44Z","timestamp":1615532564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of a newly developed pastille on the salivary flow rate in subjects with dry mouth symptoms: a randomized, controlled, monocentric clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Bielfeldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7976-5003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Neumeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Schwantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. -P.","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1471_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/29375","volume":"25","author":"M Tanasiewicz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanasiewicz M, Hildebrandt T, Obersztyn I. 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Last amended by the 64th WMA general assembly, Fortaleza; Brazil; 2013."}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01471-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01471-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01471-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:24:51Z","timestamp":1698020691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01471-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01471-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed by the Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) of Schleswig\u2013Holstein. A positive vote was given on May 7th, 2019. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles based on the current version of the Declaration of Helsinki []. It abided by the German Medical Device Law and current ISO 14155 and the applicable MEDDEV guidelines and was performed according to the standard operating procedures (SOPs) of the study site. Patient consent was obtained and documented according to the applicable regulatory requirements and adhered to GCP and to the ethical principles based on the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki []. Prior to obtaining consent, information was given in a language and at a level of complexity understandable to the patient in both verbal and written form by the investigator. Prior to participation in the study, a written consent form was signed and personally dated by each patient and by the investigator. Each patient received a copy of the signed and dated consent form.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"117"}}