{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:44:21Z","timestamp":1792269861593,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires are routinely used for initial leveling and alignment of teeth in orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to clinically compare the level of pain and tooth alignment in orthodontic treatment with A-NiTi versus Cu-NiTi archwires.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this parallel randomized clinical trial, 88 orthodontic patients (12\u201325\u00a0years) with an irregularity index\u2009&gt;\u20092\u00a0mm in the anterior site of the lower dental arch who required non-extraction orthodontic treatment of the lower arch were randomized into two age- and sex-matched groups (n\u2009=\u200944) for treatment with A-NiTi and Cu-NiTi initial archwires. Each archwire was used for 6\u00a0weeks. After 6\u00a0weeks, the irregularity index was measured, and the level of pain was scored using the Modified McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) and visual analog scale (VAS) according to the time of onset and duration of pain, and analgesic intake. Data were analyzed by paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test, independent samples <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test, and Chi-square test (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The irregularity index significantly decreased in both groups after 6\u00a0weeks of treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). However, the difference in this respect was not significant between the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Pain perception (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.487), duration of pain (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.546), and analgesic intake (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.102) were not significantly different between the two groups either.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Both A-NiTi and Cu-NiTi archwires are equally effective for tooth alignment in the anterior site of the lower dental arch and have no significant difference with regard to the level of pain experienced by patients.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration number<\/jats:italic>: IRCT20190705044102N1 and Name of the registry: Iranian registry of clinical trials (https:\/\/irct.ir\/) \nDate of registration: September, 26, 2019<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01789-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T10:03:31Z","timestamp":1630922611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Tooth alignment and pain experience with A-NiTi versus Cu-NiTi: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"irct20190705044102n1","registry":"10.18810\/irct"}],"author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Azizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Extiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Moslem","family":"Imani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1789_CR1","first-page":"CD007859","volume":"7","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu C, Jian F, McIntyre GT, Millett DT, Hickman J, et al. 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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study and for participants below 16\u00a0years old from their parents. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The other authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"431"}}