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In the absence of comparable studies, we intended to examine the relevance of pretreatment SII in predicting the success rates of temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis (TMJA) at 1-week, 1-month, and 6-month periods, defined as maximum mouth opening (MMO)\u2009&gt;\u200935\u00a0mm and VAS\u2009\u2264\u20093.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sum of 136 patients with disc displacement without reduction (DDwo-red) who underwent TMJA was included. For each patient, pre-TMJA SII was calculated as; SII\u2009=\u2009Platelets\u2009\u00d7\u2009neutrophils\/lymphocytes. Additionally, baseline MMO and VAS measurements were recorded for each patient. The success criteria of TMJA included MMO\u2009&gt;\u200935\u00a0mm and VAS\u2009\u2264\u20093. The optimal pre-TMJA SII cutoff that predicts TMJA success was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The primary endpoint was the link between the pre-treatment SII and TMJA success (simultaneous achievement of MMO\u2009&gt;\u200935\u00a0mm and VAS\u2009\u2264\u20093).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median pre-TMJA jaw locking duration, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and visual analog score (VAS) were 7\u00a0days, 24\u00a0mm, and 8, respectively. The overall TMJA success rates were determined as 80.1%, 91.9%, and 69.1% at 1-week, 1-month, and 6-months, respectively. The results of ROC curve analysis exhibited the optimal SII cutoff at 526 (AUC: 67.4%; sensitivity: 66.7%; specificity: 64.2%) that grouped the patients into two subgroups: Group 1: SII\u2009\u2264\u2009526 (N\u2009=\u200981) and SII\u2009&gt;\u2009526 (N\u2009=\u200955), respectively. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a strong inverse relationship between the pretreatment SII values and the success of TMJA 1-week (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>: \u2212\u20090.83;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) and 1-month, (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>: \u2212\u20090.89;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). Comparative analyses displayed that TMJA success rates at 1-week (87.7% vs. 69.1%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) and 1-month (96.2% vs. 80%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) were significantly higher in the SII\u2009\u2264\u2009526 than SII\u2009&gt;\u2009526 group, respectively, while the 6-month results favored the SII\u2009\u2264\u2009526 group with a trend approaching significance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.084).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study's findings suggested the SII as a unique independent prognostic biomarker that accurately predicts treatment outcomes for up to 6\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>The results of this research were retrospectively registered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01899-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T20:24:15Z","timestamp":1634329455000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index values are associated with diminished short-term success after temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis procedure"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Efsun","family":"Somay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Busra","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1899_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_630_19","volume":"23","author":"E Somay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Somay E, Yilmaz B. 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We ensured that all patients signed an informed consent form before the beginning of the evaluation, either themselves or their legally authorized representatives for acquisition and analysis of the patients\u2019 sociodemographic, dental, and medical records; blood samples, MRI scans, and publication of the outcomes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"531"}}