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Used either exclusively or in conjunction with a regular toothbrush, there is evidence supporting its clinical effectiveness in plaque control, but adverse effects on periodontal health remains inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to systematically review the wide range of data and literatures related to siwak practice and its effect on periodontal health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review was conducted based on scoping review techniques, searching literature in EBSCOHOST, PubMed, SCOPUS and Google scholar databases using the following search terms: \u201csiwak\u2019 or \u2018miswak\u2019 or \u2018chewing stick\u201d for intervention, and \u201cperiodontium or \u2018periodontal\u2019 or \u2018periodontal health\u2019 or \u2018periodontal disease\u201d for outcome. Articles published between January 1990 to March 2021 and written in English language were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 721 articles collected from the search and 21 of them were eligible for the final analysis. Results of this study was described based on clinical and antibacterial reporting of siwak, method of siwak practice and its adverse effect on oral health. Siwak was found effective at removing dental plaque and improving periodontal health over time although its effect on subgingival microbiota was inconclusive. Presence of gingival recession and clinical attachment loss were much more commonly reported in siwak users, attributable to variations in the methods employed for tooth cleaning using the siwak.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is substantial evidence that the lack of standardised reporting for effective siwak use may have resulted in contradictory findings about its oral hygiene benefits and adverse effects. As such, future work on safe and effective siwak practice is to be advocated among its users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01950-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T14:02:42Z","timestamp":1638540162000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Haslinda","family":"Ramli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuti Ningseh","family":"Mohd-Dom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahida","family":"Mohd-Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1950_CR1","unstructured":"Ramli H, Halib N, Othman WMNW. 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