{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:52:23Z","timestamp":1787637143440,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]],"date-time":"2021-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Vice Chancellery for Research Affairs of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major global issue. HIV-infected patients commonly experience oral health problems. This study aimed to assess oral health status of the patients and its related factors in Shiraz, Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, by using simple random sampling, 250 HIV-infected patients were selected from Shiraz Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center in 2019. Patients' decayed, missing, and filled tooth (DMFT) index, plaque index (PI), and community periodontal index (CPI) were determined. Associations between patients' characteristics and the above-mentioned indices were examined by using Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, chi-square, and independent sample T test. The effect of possible confounding factors was controlled by using multiple linear regression and logistic models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 222 participants, 111 (50%) had 15 or more missing teeth and 79 (35.6%) were edentulous. Their mean (SD) DMFT and PI were 20.71 (10.74) and 1.11 (0.79), respectively. About 40% of them had healthy gingiva. DMFT (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), PI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and CPI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) were significantly worse in men than women. The patients' DMFT and edentulous status were significantly associated with their age (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and duration of disease (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008, respectively). Unemployed patients had the worst DMFT, PI, and CPI (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and the highest percentage of edentulous individuals (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). All examined indices were significantly worse in cigarette smokers, alcoholics, addicts, and patients with a previous history of imprisonment (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The odds ratio of being edentulous was 5.74 times in addicted patients than in non-addicted ones (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The odds increased 0.11 with every year that the patients' age increased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Multiple linear regression models also showed that the addicted patients had significantly more scores in DMFT index, PI, and CPI (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, oral health status of the HIV-infected patients was unsatisfactory. Therefore, effective interventional programs are needed for prevention and early treatment of dental problems among this population, especially for more vulnerable groups such as older men with low socioeconomic status, and those with high-risk behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-02002-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]],"date-time":"2021-12-18T12:04:39Z","timestamp":1639829079000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Oral health status of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and related factors, Iran: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Soheila","family":"Shaghaghian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Homayooni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Rezazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2002_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-12-28.PMID:24581005;PMCID:PMC3942772","volume":"12","author":"GB Soares","year":"2014","unstructured":"Soares GB, Garbin CA, Rovida TA, Garbin AJ. 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J Public Health Dent. 2002;62(1):57\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2002.tb03422.x.","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-021-02002-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-021-02002-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-021-02002-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]],"date-time":"2021-12-18T12:05:08Z","timestamp":1639829108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-021-02002-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-021-02002-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-692109\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All stages of the investigation were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The Research Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences reviewed and approved the study protocol (\u2260\u2009IR.SUMS.REC.1394.S863, the date of ethical approval: 16 November 2018). Ethical considerations were considered during each step of the research process. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. The patients' identity was kept anonymous for all members of the research team as the information was recorded based on their code in the HIV\/AIDS national software.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"657"}}