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A total of 134 participants were analysed from a previous study database of 150 patients. The inclusion criteria included age\u2009&gt;\u200920\u00a0years and a history of either tobacco or betel nut use. Background information, including para-habits such as betel and tobacco use, was analysed using the Pearson chi-square (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) test; furthermore, the correlation of background information with OED severity was investigated using logistic regression (mild or moderate\/severe).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High school education level (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), poor self-awareness (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), current betel use (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and tobacco use (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) were highly correlated with moderate- and severe OED (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The odds ratio (OR) of education status above senior high school was 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01\u20130.15,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001\n                      <jats:italic>), while that o<\/jats:italic>\n                      f junior high school was 1. Current betel chewing (OR 6.57 [95% CI 1.17\u201337.0],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.033) was significantly associated with OED severity compared with never or ex-use of betel.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found a strong correlation between the severity of OED and current betel use and low education status. The current study revealed that the socioeconomic status, poor self-awareness, and para-habit history of the patients with OED should be evaluated to identify high-risk individuals using TNOMSP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02084-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T08:38:34Z","timestamp":1646383114000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between socioeconomic status and severity of oral epithelial dysplasia using a Taiwanese Nationwide Oral Mucosal Screening Program: a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tien-En","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Tsung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Tang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Wu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2084_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13993","volume":"27","author":"E Odell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Odell E, Kujan O, Warnakulasuriya S, Sloan P. 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