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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of PI3K in the process of bone destruction in apical periodontitis, and provide reference data for the treatment of this disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The relative mRNA expression of PI3K, Acp5 and NFATc1 in the normal human periodontal ligament and in chronic apical periodontitis were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A mouse model of apical periodontitis was established by root canal exposure to the oral cavity, and HE staining was used to observe the progress of apical periodontitis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of PI3K and AKT in different stages of apical periodontitis, while enzymatic histochemical staining was used for detection of osteoclasts. An\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory environment was also established at the osteoclast and osteoblast level, and osteoclasts or osteoblasts were treated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to examine the role of PI3K in bone resorption.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The expression of PI3K, Acp5 and NFATc1 genes in chronic apical periodontitis sample groups was significantly increased relative to healthy periodontal ligament tissue (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Mouse apical periodontitis was successfully established and bone resorption peaked between 2 and 3\u00a0weeks (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The expression of PI3K and Akt increased with the progression of inflammation, and reached a peak at 14\u00a0days (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The gene and protein expression of PI3K, TRAP and NFATc1 in osteoclasts were significantly increased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in the\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      LPS-mediated inflammatory microenvironment compared to the normal control group. Meanwhile in osteoblasts, the gene and protein expression of PI3K, BMP-2 and Runx2 were significantly reduced (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in the inflammatory microenvironment. With the addition of LY294002, expressions of bone resorption-related factors (TRAP, NFATc1) and bone formation-related factors (BMP-2, Runx2) significantly decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Under the inflammatory environment induced by LPS, PI3K participates in the occurrence and development of chronic apical periodontitis by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02364-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T12:49:55Z","timestamp":1660222195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Role of PI3K in the bone resorption of apical periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"LiNa","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DongMei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CaiHui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WeiDong","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2364_CR1","first-page":"719","volume":"57","author":"IC Croitoru","year":"2016","unstructured":"Croitoru IC, Cr\u0103i\u0162oiu \u015e, Petcu CM, Mih\u0103ilescu OA, Pascu RM, Bobic AG, et al. 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The subjects were fully informed and provided signed consent to provide tissue samples for research. The animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University (approval number: 2021006). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The study is reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"345"}}