{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:13:28Z","timestamp":1790115208708,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to compare the effects on vertical dentoskeletal dimension produced by Pendulum appliance and Clear Aligners in patients with Class II malocclusion.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial design<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is a prospective two-arm parallel group randomized clinical trial with 1:1 allocation ratio.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Pendulum Group (PG) consisted of 20 patients (15F, 5\u00a0M) with a mean age of 17.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3\u00a0years. The Clear Aligners Group (CAG) comprised 20 patients (13F, 7\u00a0M) with a mean age of 17.2\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2\u00a0years. Distalization\u2019s protocol in PG involved the activation of TMA wires till the achievement of Class I molar relationship. A protocol of sequential distalization was applied in the CAG. For each subject lateral cephalograms have been analyzed before treatment (T1) and at the end of the therapy (T2). Descriptive statistics and statistical between-group comparisons (PG vs CAG) were calculated for the craniofacial starting forms at T1 and for the T2\u2013T1 changes. Statistical between-group comparisons for the T2\u2013T1 changes were performed with independent samples <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The PG showed significantly greater increases in SN^GoGn\u00b0 when compared with CAG (+\u20092.1 and\u2009\u2212\u20090.3 degrees, respectively). Clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane with significantly greater increase of SN^POccl angle was observed in PG (+\u20092.8 degrees) when compared with CAG (\u2212\u20094.2 degrees).<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>The PG revealed a significant increase in the N-Me variable with a mean change of\u2009+\u20094.4\u00a0mm compared to the CAG with mean values of\u2009\u2212\u20091.2\u00a0mm. The PG showed an increase in the ArGo^GoMe angle (+\u20090.7\u00b0 degrees) compared to the CAG (\u2212\u20093.4\u00b0 degrees). The PG showed significantly greater increases in both maxillary and mandibular first molar to palatal plane (+\u20091.3 and\u2009+\u20092.1\u00a0mm, respectively) when compared with CAG (\u2212\u20090.9 and\u2009\u2212\u20090.2\u00a0mm, respectively).\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Upper molar distalization with clear aligners represents a valid alternative to non-extraction treatment of Class II malocclusion, reducing the extrusion of maxillary first molars and improving the management of the occlusal plane and vertical dimension.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05298280. Registered 28 March 2022\u2014Retrospectively registered, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02483-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T15:03:27Z","timestamp":1665414207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Effects of pendulum appliance versus clear aligners in the vertical dimension during Class II malocclusion treatment: a randomized prospective clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05298280","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Roberta","family":"Lione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Balboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Di Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pavoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2483_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.2319\/030607-115.1","volume":"78","author":"G Jones","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jones G, Buschang PH, Kim KB, Oliver DR. 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All experimental protocols were approved by the ethics committee\/Institutional Review Board of the University of Rome \u2018Tor Vergata\u2019 (protocol number 257\/21). Informed consent was obtained from patients and from patients\u2019 parents for juvenile subjects.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"A written informed consent, signed by the parents of all subjects involved in this study, was recorded in order to use the anonymous data for scientific publication purpose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"441"}}