{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:41:54Z","timestamp":1780083714081,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009827","name":"Alexandria University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the cephalometric and dentoalveolar characteristics of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis patients, and to compare the findings to a matched control group without tooth agenesis, excluding third molars, from the same population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The pre-orthodontic records of 72 non-growing patients, who were treated at the Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, were used to address the aim of this retrospective study. Patients having unilateral or bilateral maxillary lateral incisor agenesis, with no history of previous orthodontic treatment, congenital craniofacial malformations, facial trauma, or surgeries were divided into two test groups based on the pattern of maxillary lateral incisors agenesis (group I: unilateral (UMLIA), group II: bilateral (BMLIA)). A control group (group III (CTRL)) having a complete set of permanent dentition (excluding third molars), and having no dental anomalies was age-matched with the test groups. Measurements were performed on the pre-orthodontic lateral cephalometric radiographs and the pre-orthodontic digital dental casts. The measured variables were compared between the groups using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests according to the normality of the variable. In case of significant results, both tests were followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni adjusted significance level. Significance level was set at <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>BMLIA group showed a smaller SNA angle and maxillary length, a more negative ANB angle and Wits appraisal, and a larger Maxillo-mandibular differential than UMLIA and\/or CTRL group. The dental and soft tissue cephalometric measurements did not show any significant differences between the groups. Dentoalveolar cast measurements showed that BMLIA patients presented with significantly smaller maxillary inter-canine width than UMLIA and CTRL patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cephalometric analysis has shown that subjects with BMLIA have a statistically significant reduced ANB and maxillary length. Tooth eruption may play a role in the development of the maxillary arch.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02656-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T07:02:52Z","timestamp":1671087772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Skeletal and dentoalveolar characteristics of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis patients: a comparative cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mostafa A.","family":"Tageldin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yomna M.","family":"Yacout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiman S.","family":"Marzouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2656_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.06.027","volume":"131","author":"AT Altug-Atac","year":"2007","unstructured":"Altug-Atac AT, Erdem D. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131(4):510\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"2656_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2005.tb00089.x","volume":"17","author":"GA Kinzer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kinzer GA, Kokich VO. Managing congenitally missing lateral incisors, part II: tooth-supported restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2005;17(2):76\u201384.","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent."},{"issue":"2","key":"2656_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.5037\/jomr.2017.8203","volume":"8","author":"AMG Costa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Costa AMG, Trevizan M, Matsumoto MAN, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, Horta KC, et al. Association between tooth agenesis and skeletal malocclusions. JOMR. 2017;8(2):e3.","journal-title":"JOMR"},{"issue":"4","key":"2656_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.2319\/091012-722.1","volume":"83","author":"AY Gungor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gungor AY, Turkkahraman H. Effects of severity and location of nonsyndromic hypodontia on craniofacial morphology. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(4):584\u201390.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"2656_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji027","volume":"27","author":"A Fekonja","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fekonja A. Hypodontia in orthodontically treated children. Eur J Orthod. 2005;27(5):457\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"2656_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjp107","volume":"32","author":"RR Gomes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gomes RR, da Fonseca JA, Paula LM, Faber J, Acevedo AC. Prevalence of hypodontia in orthodontic patients in Brasilia, Brazil. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32(3):302\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"2656_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji060","volume":"27","author":"T Pinho","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pinho T, Tavares P, Maciel P, Pollmann C. Developmental absence of maxillary lateral incisors in the Portuguese population. Eur J Orthod. 2005;27(5):443\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"2656_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.33.3.c74j49r738676671","volume":"33","author":"Y Fujita","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fujita Y, Hidaka A, Nishida I, Morikawa K, Hashiguchi D, Maki K. Developmental anomalies of permanent lateral incisors in young patients. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2009;33(3):211\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"2656_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2016.1193625","volume":"74","author":"DS Bassiouny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bassiouny DS, Afify AR, Baeshen HA, Birkhed D, Zawawi KH. Prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and associated skeletal characteristics in an orthodontic patient population. Acta Odontol Scand. 2016;74(6):456\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"2656_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-016-0064-y","volume":"78","author":"T Kabbani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kabbani T, Abdullah N, Rsheadat Y, Hassan MI. Prevalence of isolated maxillary lateral incisor agenesis in Syrian adolescents. J Orofac Orthop. 2017;78(1):62\u20139.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"2656_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.JOS_28_19","volume":"9","author":"C Swarnalatha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swarnalatha C, Paruchuri U, Babu J, Alquraishi M, Almalaq S, Alnasrallah F, et al. Prevalence of congenitally missing upper lateral incisors in an orthodontic adolescent population. J Orthod Sci. 2020;9(1):15.","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2656_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.05.025","volume":"130","author":"VG Kokich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kokich VG, Kokich VO. Congenitally missing mandibular second premolars: clinical options. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130(4):437\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"2656_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(85)90003-X","volume":"87","author":"DA Woodworth","year":"1985","unstructured":"Woodworth DA, Sinclair PM, Alexander RG. Bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors: a craniofacial and dental cast analysis. Am J Orthod. 1985;87(4):280\u201393.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"2656_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357409002548","volume":"32","author":"PJ Wisth","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wisth PJ, Thunold K, Boe OE. Frequency of hypodontia in relation to tooth size and dental arch width. Acta Odontol Scand. 1974;32(3):201\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"2656_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12306","volume":"29","author":"SK Buyuk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buyuk SK, Ozkan S, Benkli YA, Arslan A, Celik E. Evaluation of the skeletal and dental effects in orthodontic patients with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2017;29(4):284\u201390.","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"2656_CR16","volume-title":"Medical statistics at a glance","author":"A Petrie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Petrie A, Sabin C. Medical statistics at a glance. 3rd ed. West Sussex: Wiley; 2009.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"2","key":"2656_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2319\/111517-787.1","volume":"88","author":"JA McNamara Jr","year":"2018","unstructured":"McNamara JA Jr, Franchi L. The cervical vertebral maturation method: a user\u2019s guide. Angle Orthod. 2018;88(2):133\u201343.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"2656_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo TK, Li MY. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155\u201363.","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"2656_CR19","first-page":"20","volume":"12","author":"WK Darkwah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Darkwah WK, Kadri A, Adormaa BB, Aidoo G. Cephalometric study of the relationship between facial morphology and ethnicity: review article. Transl Res Anat. 2018;12:20\u20134.","journal-title":"Transl Res Anat"},{"issue":"2","key":"2656_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-009-0744-y","volume":"70","author":"N Bauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bauer N, Heckmann K, Sand A, Lisson JA. Craniofacial growth patterns in patients with congenitally missing permanent teeth. J Orofac Orthop. 2009;70(2):139\u201351.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"2656_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2754051","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2754051","volume":"2022","author":"S Saccomanno","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saccomanno S, Saran S, Lagana D, Mastrapasqua RF, Grippaudo C. Motivation, perception, and behavior of the adult orthodontic patient: a survey analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:2754051.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2656_CR22","volume-title":"Downs' analysis: radiographic cephalometry\u2014from basics to videoimaging","author":"A Jacobson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jacobson A. Downs\u2019 analysis: radiographic cephalometry\u2014from basics to videoimaging. New Malden: Quintessence Publishing Co., Inc.; 1995."},{"issue":"6","key":"2656_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(69)90034-7","volume":"55","author":"ML Moss","year":"1969","unstructured":"Moss ML, Salentijn L. The primary role of functional matrices in facial growth. Am J Orthod. 1969;55(6):566\u201377.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"2656_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(92)70048-F","volume":"102","author":"JP Fitzgerald","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fitzgerald JP, Nanda RS, Currier GF. An evaluation of the nasolabial angle and the relative inclinations of the nose and upper lip. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;102(4):328\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2656_CR25","volume-title":"Wheeler's dental anatomy, physiology, and occlusion","author":"SJ Nelson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nelson SJ, Ash MM. Wheeler\u2019s dental anatomy, physiology, and occlusion. 9th ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2010.","edition":"9"},{"issue":"4","key":"2656_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.02.004","volume":"139","author":"VO Kokich Jr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kokich VO Jr, Kinzer GA, Janakievski J. Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: restorative replacement. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;139(4):435.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop."}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02656-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02656-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02656-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T07:04:13Z","timestamp":1671087853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02656-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02656-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University (IORG: 0008839, approval no. 0416-3\/2022). All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical guidelines adopted by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. An exemption from requiring an informed consent was granted from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"608"}}