{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:17:12Z","timestamp":1793229432031,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present research aimed to develop and validate a standardised survey instrument for the assessment of patients' awareness of the quality of their oral hygiene performance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A digital questionnaire was developed that assesses both patients' na\u00efve self-perceptions of oral cleanliness (SPOC<jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub>) after tooth brushing and patients' perceptions after being informed how oral cleanliness may be captured in dentistry (SPOC<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>). Three studies (N\u2009=\u200956 adults, N\u2009=\u200966 adolescents and one of their parents, N\u2009=\u200924 university students) assessed the instrument\u2019s feasibility (patient reports), reliability (internal consistency), validity (correlation with other constructs; sensitivity to manipulation of actual tooth brushing), and the correlation with actual oral cleanliness after tooth brushing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All study groups accepted the questionnaire well; average answering times were less than 5\u00a0min. Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 exceeds 0.90; correlational analyses support the discriminant validity regarding oral hygiene related self-efficacy expectations and stages of change; manipulation of oral hygiene behaviour results in the expected changes of SPOC scores. Patients\u2019 SPOC correlate only moderately with actual oral cleanliness. The comparison between SPOC<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub> scores and actual oral cleanliness indicate that they considerably overestimate their oral hygiene performance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The SPOC questionnaire is an easy-to-use, well-accepted, reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of patients\u2019 awareness of the quality of their oral hygiene for research and clinical purposes. The results of the questionnaire may help to reveal unrealistic self-perceptions of patients regarding their oral hygiene. It can raise their awareness of the need to improve their skills and\/or efforts in this regard.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic> The third study was an interventional study and was registered in the appropriate national register (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.drks.de\">www.drks.de<\/jats:ext-link>; ID: DRKS00018781; date of registration: 12\/09\/2019).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02659-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T14:02:41Z","timestamp":1671717761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Patients\u2019 awareness regarding the quality of their oral hygiene: development and validation of a new measurement instrument"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zdenka","family":"Eidenhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Busse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Margraf-Stiksrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Deinzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"2659_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00823.x","volume":"32","author":"DF Kinane","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kinane DF, Attstr\u00f6m R. 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Studies 2 and 3 were approved by the Ethics Board of the Medical Faculty of the University of Giessen, Germany. All participants provided informed written consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"629"}}