{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:02:46Z","timestamp":1789606966971,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients of different ages are still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the characteristics of MRI features of TMJs in different age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1760 TMJs from 880 patients were included in the study and divided into three groups:\u2009\u2264\u200918Y (n\u2009=\u2009195, 14.89\u2009\u00b1\u20092.35Y); 19-30Y (n\u2009=\u2009475, 24.09\u2009\u00b1\u20093.23Y); and\u2009&gt;\u200930Y (n\u2009=\u2009210, 41.73\u2009\u00b1\u200910.45Y). T2-weighted image (T2WI) of MRI was obtained to evaluate the relationship between age and disc morphology, the degree of disc displacement, joint effusion, joint movement and changes of condylar bone morphology. Data were analyzed by Pearson Chi square test and Spearman correlation coefficient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no statistical difference between left and right sides in all age groups. Except condylar morphology (\u03c72\u2009=\u20090.943, P\u2009=\u20090.624), there were significant differences in the distribution of disc morphology, disc position, joint effusion and joint motion among different age groups (\u03c72\u2009=\u200924.450, \u03c72\u2009=\u200924.829, \u03c72\u2009=\u200919.855, \u03c72\u2009=\u200939.259, respectively). There were significant differences in the distribution of the degree of anterior disc displacement, condyle morphology and joint effusion in different types of disc morphology among the different age groups (except for joint effusion in\u2009&gt;\u200930Y), among which the first two were significantly correlated with the disc morphology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The morphology and position of the articular disc changed significantly with age, but the proportion of abnormal condylar bone remained about 50%. The greater the degree of disc folding, the more prone to bone abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>\n                      This study was retrospectively registered on 28\/03\/2022 and endorsed by the Ethics committee (LCYJ2022014).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02666-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T13:05:02Z","timestamp":1672232702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging findings in 880 temporomandibular disorder patients of different age groups: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chuanjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingbin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2666_CR1","first-page":"270","volume":"24","author":"DA Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves DA, Dal Fabbro AL, Campos JA, et al. Symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in the population: an epidemiological study. J Orofac Pain. 2010;24:270\u20138.","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2666_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","volume":"28","author":"E Schiffman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, et al. Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC\/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the international RDC\/tmd consortium network* and orofacial pain special interest groupdagger. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2014;28(1):6\u201327.","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"2666_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(92)70080-T","volume":"101","author":"D Paesani","year":"1992","unstructured":"Paesani D, Westesson PL, Hatala M, et al. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint internal derangement in patients with craniomandibular disorders. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;101:41\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"2666_CR4","first-page":"280","volume":"91","author":"D Talmaceanu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Talmaceanu D, Lenghel LM, Bolog N, et al. Imaging modalities for temporomandibular joint disorders: an update. Clujul Med. 2018;91(3):280\u20137.","journal-title":"Clujul Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2666_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-021-00305-y","volume":"18","author":"K Vervaeke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vervaeke K, Verhelst PJ, Orhan K, et al. Correlation of MRI and arthroscopic findings with clinical outcome in temporomandibular joint disorders: a retrospective cohort study. Head Face Med. 2022;18(1):2.","journal-title":"Head Face Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2666_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.263055091","volume":"26","author":"X Tomas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tomas X, Pomes J, Berenguer J, et al. MR imaging of temporomandibular joint dysfunction: a pictorial review. Radiographics. 2006;26(3):765\u201381.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2666_CR7","first-page":"106","volume":"23","author":"AM Boboc","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boboc AM, De Stefano A, Impellizzeri A, et al. Correlation between generalised joint hypermobility and temporomandibular joint disc displacement in adolescent patients: magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022;23(2):106\u201310.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"2666_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2000.0028","volume":"30","author":"R Emshoff","year":"2001","unstructured":"Emshoff R, Innerhofer K, Rudisch A, et al. Relationship between temporomandibular joint pain and magnetic resonance imaging findings of internal derangement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;30:118\u201322.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2666_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2019.03.010","volume":"47","author":"H Hosgor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hosgor H. The relationship between temporomandibular joint effusion and pain in patients with internal derangement. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2019;47(6):940\u20134.","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"2666_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210272","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20210272","volume":"51","author":"D Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo D, Qiu C, Zhou R, et al. MRI-based observation of the size and morphology of temporomandibular joint articular disc and condyle in young asymptomatic adults. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2022;51(3):20210272.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"2666_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2022.2128591","volume":"2022","author":"MG Demir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Demir MG. Comparison of symptoms, signs, gender, and magnetic resonance images of temporomandibular joint disorder patients. Cranio. 2022;2022:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Cranio."},{"issue":"6","key":"2666_CR12","first-page":"378","volume":"91","author":"RL Gauer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gauer RL, Semidey MJ. Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2015;91(6):378\u201386.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"2666_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.04.004","volume":"101","author":"K Orhan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Orhan K, Nishiyama H, Tadashi S, et al. Comparison of altered signal intensity, position, and morphology of the TMJ disc in MR images corrected for variations in surface coil sensitivity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101(4):515\u201322.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"4","key":"2666_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2013.43.4.245","volume":"43","author":"KJ Koh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koh KJ, Park HN, Kim KA. Relationship between anterior disc displacement with\/without reduction and effusion in temporomandibular disorder patients using magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging Sci Dent. 2013;43(4):245\u201351.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"2666_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03347-9","volume":"25","author":"M Litko-Rola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Litko-Rola M, Szkutnik J, R\u00f3\u017cy\u0142o-Kalinowska I. The importance of multisection sagittal and coronal magnetic resonance imaging evaluation in the assessment of temporomandibular joint disc position. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(1):159\u201368.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"2666_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2015.41.3.125","volume":"41","author":"YW Jung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jung YW, Park SH, On SW, et al. Correlation between clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with temporomandibular joint internal derangement. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;41(3):125\u201332.","journal-title":"J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2666_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-21-629","volume":"12","author":"KJ Jeon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jeon KJ, Kim YH, Ha EG, et al. Quantitative analysis of the mouth opening movement of temporomandibular joint disorder patients according to disc position using computer vision: a pilot study. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2022;12(3):1909\u201318.","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"2666_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770810","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1770810","volume":"2022","author":"S Shen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shen S, Ye M, Wu M, et al. MRI and DC\/TMD methods analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the change in articular disc of temporomandibular joint. Comput Math Methods Med. 2022;2022:1770810.","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med."},{"key":"2666_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100390","volume":"8","author":"TJ Vogl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vogl TJ, G\u00fcnther D, Weigl P, et al. Diagnostic value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Eur J Radiol Open. 2021;8:100390.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Open."},{"issue":"8","key":"2666_CR20","first-page":"522","volume":"54","author":"WP Fan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fan WP, Liu MQ, Zhang XH, et al. MRI observation of condylar location and morphology in the patients with temporomandibular disc displacement. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2019;54(8):522\u20136 (Chinese).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"2666_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5565747","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5565747","volume":"2021","author":"M Tresoldi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tresoldi M, Dias R, Bracci A, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of closed-mouth TMJ disc-condyle relationship in a population of patients seeking for temporomandibular disorders advice. Pain Res Manag. 2021;2021:5565747.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"2666_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060521990530","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060521990530","volume":"49","author":"X Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao X, Xiong X, Sun W, et al. Symptoms, disc position, occluding pairs, and facial skeletal characteristics of older patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Int Med Res. 2021;49(2):300060521990530.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2666_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2021.06.010","volume":"51","author":"D Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo D, Yang Z, Qiu C, et al. A magnetic resonance imaging study on the temporomandibular joint disc-condyle relationship in young asymptomatic adults. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022;51(2):226\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2666_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.02.006","volume":"51","author":"J Lei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lei J, Liu MQ, Yap AU, et al. Condylar subchondral formation of cortical bone in adolescents and young adults. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;51(1):63\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2666_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.3.1503025","volume":"159","author":"PL Westesson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Westesson PL, Brooks SL. Temporomandibular joint: relationship between MR evidence of effusion and the presence of pain and disk displacement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992;159(3):559\u201363.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2666_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2004.008","volume":"22","author":"K Yano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yano K, Sano T, Okano T. A longitudinal study of magnetic resonance (MR) evidence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) fluid in patients with TMJ disorders. Cranio. 2004;22(1):64\u201371.","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"3","key":"2666_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12897","volume":"47","author":"HA Heo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heo HA, Yoon HJ. Clinical outcomes of patients with bilateral anterior disc displacement without reduction and erosive change of the temporomandibular joint after performance of unilateral arthrocentesis and stabilisation splint therapy. J Oral Rehabil. 2020;47(3):307\u201312.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"2666_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37S","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514528333","volume":"93","author":"M Al-Baghdadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Baghdadi M, Durham J, Araujo-Soares V, et al. TMJ disc displacement without reduction management: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2014;93(7 Suppl):37S-51S.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2666_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.05.019","volume":"118","author":"N Takahara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Takahara N, Imai H, Nakagawa S, et al. Temporomandibular joint intermittent closed lock: clinic and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014;118(4):418\u201323.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2666_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12689","volume":"45","author":"M Tuijt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tuijt M, Parsa A, Koutris M, et al. Human jaw joint hypermobility: Diagnosis and biomechanical modelling. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45(10):783\u20139.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2666_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13386","author":"SS Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu SS, Xu LL, Lu SJ, et al. Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging for degenerative temporomandibular joint disease. J Oral Rehabil. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joor.13386.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil."}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02666-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02666-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02666-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T13:06:09Z","timestamp":1672232769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02666-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02666-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was granted by the Research Ethics committee of Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (LCYJ2022014). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"651"}}