{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:06:35Z","timestamp":1791983195713,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The key objective of this research was to describe the prescription rate of various antibiotics for dental problems in India and to study the relevance of the prescriptions by analysing antibiotic types associated with different dental diagnoses, using a large-scale nationally representative dataset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used a 12-month period (May 2015 to April 2016) medical audit dataset from IQVIA (formerly IMS Health). We coded the dental diagnosis provided in the medical audit data to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) and the prescribed antibiotics for the diagnosis to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) -2020 classification of the World Health Organization. The primary outcome measure was the medicine prescription rate per 1,000 persons per year (PRPY\n                      <jats:sub>1000<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our main findings were\u2014403 prescriptions per 1,000 persons per year in the year 2015 -2016 for all dental ailments. Across all ATC level 1 classification, \u2018Diseases of hard tissues\u2019 made up the majority of the prescriptions. \u2018Beta-lactam\u2019, \u2018Penicillin,\u2019 and \u2018Cephalosporins\u2019 were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for dental diagnoses followed by \u2018Macrolides\u2019 and \u2018Quinolones\u2019. \u2018Dental caries\u2019, \u2018Discoloration of tooth\u2019, and \u2018Toothache\u2019 were the most common reasons for \u2018Beta-Lactams\u2019 and \u2018Penicillin\u2019 prescriptions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conclude our study reports first ever country (India) level estimates of antibiotic prescription by antibiotic classes, age groups, and ICD-11 classification for dental ailments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02889-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T03:02:54Z","timestamp":1679713374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antibiotic prescriptions for oral diseases in India: evidence from national prescription data"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Manu Raj","family":"Mathur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Nagrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Saif","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakthivel","family":"Selvaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aashna","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib Hasan","family":"Farooqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2889_CR1","first-page":"226","volume":"10","author":"A Fleming","year":"1929","unstructured":"Fleming A. 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The cleaned variables used specifically for this study are available from the authors upon reasonable request. The data used in the study is a part of a large anonymous database of information routinely collected as administrative data through surveillance activities by the source agency and at the time of collection the people concerned have been verbally asked for an informed consent and told that the data would be used for other purposes, including research, and therefore the study did not seek for an ethical approval as per National Ethical Guidelines of Government of India (National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research involving Human Participants by the Indian Council of Medical Research page 102). The data collected was in accordance of the relevant guidelines and regulations. No administrative permissions were required to access the data. The collected data was made free of identifiers thus inhibiting any linkage to an individual by the source agency. Variables that could lead to deductive disclosure of the identity of individual subjects were also de-identified.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"170"}}