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The patients\u2019 sex, age, location, size, histological subtypes, recurrence information, oral hygiene habits, periodontitis symptoms and smoking history were retrieved from the patient medical records and follow-up information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 2971 cases, focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH) was the most common lesion (60.92%), followed by peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) (29.32%), pyogenic granuloma (PG) (8.08%) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) (1.68%). The peak incidence of epulis was in the third and fourth decade of life, with a mean age of 45.55 years. Female predominance was found in all types of lesions with a female to male ratio of 1.71:1. PG had the highest recurrence rate (17.18%), followed by POF (12.98%), FFH (9.55%) and PGCG (8.82%). Histological subtypes were significantly correlated with the recurrence of epulis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013). Regular supportive periodontal therapy (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.050) had a negative correlation with recurrence, whereas symptoms of periodontitis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) had a positive correlation with the recurrence of epulis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlling the periodontal inflammation and regular supportive periodontal therapy might help reduce the recurrence of epulis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02935-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T06:44:33Z","timestamp":1681973073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A large-cohort study of 2971 cases of epulis: focusing on risk factors associated with recurrence"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yelidana","family":"Yesibulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pareyida","family":"Xiayizhati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ning","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong-Hui","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Zhen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2935_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00895.x","volume":"39","author":"A Buchner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buchner A, Shnaiderman-Shapiro A, Vered M. 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