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The study of the oral microbiota may help to understand the polymicrobial etiology of dental caries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the diversity and structure of microbial communities in saliva samples from 5-year-old children with versus without dental caries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 36 saliva samples were collected from 18 children with high caries (HB group) and from 18 children without caries (NB group). Then, 16S rDNA was amplified from bacterial samples using polymerase chain reaction, and high-throughput sequencing was performed using Illumina Novaseq\u00a0platforms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which were distributed among 16 phyla, 26 classes, 56 orders, 93 families, 173 genera, and 218 species.\n                      <jats:italic>Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Patescibacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Spirochaetes<\/jats:italic>\n                      were basically the same in different groups, but their relative abundances were different. The core microbiome was defined as the species from 218 shared microbial taxa. The alpha diversity test showed that there were no significant differences in microbial abundance and diversity\u00a0between the high caries and no caries groups. The results from principal coordinate\u00a0analysis\u00a0(PCoA) and hierarchical clustering\u00a0showed that the two groups had similar microorganisms. The biomarkers of different groups were defined by LEfSe analysis to identify potential caries-related and health-related bacteria. Co-occurrence\u00a0network\u00a0analysis of dominant genera showed that oral microbial communities in the no caries group were more complex and aggregated than those in the high caries group. Finally, the PICRUSt algorithm was used to predict the function of the microbial communities from saliva samples. The obtained results showed that mineral absorption was greater in the no caries group than in the high caries group. BugBase\u00a0was used to determine phenotypes present in microbial community samples. The obtained results showed that\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was greater in the high caries group than in the no caries group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the microbiological etiology of dental caries in 5-year-old children and are expected to provide new methods for its prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03055-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T18:01:30Z","timestamp":1686938490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Oral microbial communities in 5-year-old children with versus without dental caries"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhengyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"3055_CR1","volume-title":"The 4th National Oral Health Survey in the Mainland of China","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang X. 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