{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:28:14Z","timestamp":1788564494232,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["331782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["331782"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Immigrants are known to experience greater socioeconomic stress and poorer well-being and to suffer more from lifestyle- and diet-related disorders than native populations. There is also evidence that children of immigrant parents are at greater risk of diverse health problems than their host country cohorts. The aim of this study is to apply and evaluate the efficacy of an early life intervention program among parents\/children with immigrant background to prevent childhood caries and obesity, thereby improving the children\u2019s general health, oral health, and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled intervention follow-up study. In phase I of the study, the primary care health centers in the municipality of Bergen, Norway were randomly allocated to intervention or control groups. The intervention was carried out using the motivational interviewing technique and the common risk factor approach. The intervention group received guidance on diet\/oral hygiene and the control group received standard care information. Parental knowledge and children at age 3 and 5 years old will be assessed in a prospective phase II follow-up study compared to native Norwegian controls. The primary outcome will be evaluation of change on parental oral health related knowledge and attitudes. The secondary outcome will assess the impact of the intervention on children\u2019s caries -, body mass index- and oral health related quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Collaboration between dental public health and primary health care personnel on the common risk approach motivational intervention offers opportunities to address key dietary behaviors that may prevent obesity and dental caries. Providing sustainable preventive measures decreases the burden of diseases and consequently reduces health inequalities, particularly among at-risk children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study is registered as a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05758454: 7 March 2023). Ethical approval has already been granted by the Regional Ethical Committee (REK) (2015\/ 27,639 \/REK vest) and Sikt \u2013 Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (Reference number 778825).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03329-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T14:02:46Z","timestamp":1693576966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevention of caries and obesity in children with immigrant background in Norway- a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mariam","family":"Reda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"3329_CR1","unstructured":"Norway S. https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/en\/befolkning\/innvandrere\/statistikk\/innvandrere-og-norskfodte-med-innvandrerforeldre Norway: Statistics Norway; 2023."},{"issue":"5","key":"3329_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980009991662","volume":"13","author":"M Raberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raberg M, Kumar B, Holmboe-Ottesen G, Wandel M. 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The study is registered as a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05758454). All aspects of the study will be in accordance with the latest version of the Helsinki Declaration. In constructing the materials for the interview schedule, efforts will be made to ensure that the questions will not conflict with local values and norms. Participation, based on informed consent, is voluntary and participants are free to withdraw from the study without giving any reason and without the withdrawal having any negative impact on the individual. Written informed consent will be sought according to the strict criteria for health behavior research. Patients will be duly authorized by the guardians, through informed consent and the consent of the child.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Identification numbers without names will be used to guarantee the participant\u2019s confidentiality during data analysis. In addition, participant files will be stored in a secure location. Data protection clearance will be sought from the Norwegian Data Inspectorate.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Confidentiality"}},{"value":"Data collection, management, control, and analysis will be undertaken independently by MM.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data monitoring"}},{"value":"The project includes a questionnaire for the parents and caries\/BMI\u2019s registration of young children, so the disadvantages are small, as described under the individual project participants. There is therefore no physical, psychological, social and\/or practical risk\/damage\/discomfort\/burden now or in the future for the participants, society and\/or the environment.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Harms"}},{"value":"The data entered will be managed by the study authors. Data will be reviewed periodically. Any discrepancies will be examined, fixed, and recorded.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Auditing"}}],"article-number":"620"}}