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Image quality scores were assigned for four osseous structures (the cortical and trabecular bones of the condyle, articular eminence, and glenoid fossa) by two independent observers from Score 1 (unacceptable) to Score 5 (excellent). Diagnostic classification of TMD was categorized as follows: Class A (no evident lesion), Class B (indeterminate condition) and Class C (definitive lesion). Image quality scores and diagnostic classifications were compared between CBCT and U-HRCT. The Cohen\u2019s Kappa test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square test and Fisher\u2019s exact test were conducted for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty TMD patients (median age, 30 years; interquartile range, 26\u201343 years; 25 females) with 60 TMJs were enrolled. Image quality scores were higher for U-HRCT than for CBCT by both observers (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>s\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Definitive diagnoses (Class A and C) were achieved in more cases with U-HRCT than with CBCT (93.3% <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 65.0%, Fisher\u2019s exact value\u2009=\u20097.959, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012). Among the 21 cases which were ambiguously diagnosed (Class B) by CBCT, definitive diagnosis was achieved for 17 cases (81.0%) using U-HRCT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>U-HRCT can identify osseous changes in TMD, providing improved image quality and a more definitive diagnosis, which makes it a feasible diagnostic imaging method for TMD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03449-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T12:05:42Z","timestamp":1696853142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Potential of ultra-high-resolution CT in detecting osseous changes of temporomandibular joint: experiences in temporomandibular disorders"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruowei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanhao","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heyu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihang","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenghan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenchang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"3449_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0802472","volume":"359","author":"SJ Scrivani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scrivani SJ, Keith DA, Kaban LB. 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