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Demographic information along with symptom history was gathered and clinical examinations were performed according to the DC\/TMD methodology. Axis I physical diagnoses were rendered with the DC\/TMD algorithms and categorized into painful and non-painful TMDs. Patients were categorized into three birth cohorts, specifically Gen X, Y, and Z (born 1965\u20131980, 1981\u20131999, and 2000\u20132012 respectively) and the two genders. Data were evaluated using Chi-square\/Kruskal-Wallis plus post-hoc tests and logistic regression analyses (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gen X, Y, and Z formed 17.2%, 62.1%, and 20.7% of the 1717 eligible patients examined (mean age 29.7\u2009\u00b1\u200910.6 years; 75.7% women). Significant differences in prevalences of arthralgia, myalgia, headache (Gen X\u2009\u2265\u2009Y\u2009&gt;\u2009Z), and disc displacements (Gen Z\u2009&gt;\u2009Y\u2009&gt;\u2009X) were observed among the three generations. Gen Z had substantially fewer pain-related and more intra-articular conditions than the other generations. Women presented a significantly greater frequency of degenerative joint disease and number of intra-articular conditions than men. After controlling for generation-gender interactions, multivariate analyses showed that \u201cbeing Gen X\u201d and female increased the risk of painful TMDs (OR\u2009=\u20092.20) and reduced the odds of non-painful TMDs (OR\u2009=\u20090.46).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Generational-gender diversities in DC\/TMD subtypes exist and are important for guiding TMD care and future research endeavors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03478-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T08:01:46Z","timestamp":1698652906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["DC\/TMD axis I subtyping: generational and gender variations among East Asian TMD patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0361-6209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian Ujin","family":"Yap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4685-0399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengge","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3429-4436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0625-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Woon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2249-8551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Hae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2869-6460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byeong-min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7049-9888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai Yuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"3478_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416686302","volume":"37","author":"T List","year":"2017","unstructured":"List T, Jensen RH. 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