{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:23:58Z","timestamp":1791491038730,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2021SF-048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SF-048"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the relationship between changes in salivary cytokine levels and the occurrence of white spot lesions in adolescents receiving clear aligner orthodontic treatment and investigate the predictive value of various factors for lesion occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed sixthy eight adolescent in the permanent dentition period, who received clear aligner orthodontics in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups according to the occurrence or aggravation of white spot lesions after treatment. The general condition of the oral cavity was analyzed, saliva was collected, and inflammation-related cytokines with varying transcription levels between groups were screened by transcriptome analysis. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the saliva of the patients in the two groups were measured, and the risk factors for white spot lesions were screened by correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. The value of the independent and combined application of risk factors for predicting the occurrence of white spot lesions in adolescent patients after invisible orthodontic treatment was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Transcriptome and GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that there were differences in the transcription levels of inflammatory cytokines such as CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CCL3, CCL4, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-2 between groups. The levels of CXCL8, CCL3, CCL4, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-2 in the saliva of patients with white spot lesions were significantly higher in patients after invisible orthodontic treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis showed that elevated levels of CXCL8, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-2 were independent risk factors for the occurrence of white spot lesions (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). CXCL8 had the highest independent predictive value for the occurrence of white spot lesions (AUC\u2009=\u20090.773,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and the combination of IL-1\u03b2 and IL-2 was also of high value in predicting the occurrence of white spot lesions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After invisible orthodontic treatment, the oral microenvironment, including inflammatory cytokine levels, in adolescent patients changes; in particular, the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as CXCLs and ILs change. CXCL8 expression is significantly associated with the occurrence of white spot lesions and is an important potential target for the prevention and treatment of white spot lesions in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03561-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T05:01:54Z","timestamp":1699851714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Correlation between salivary cytokine profiles and white spot lesions in adolescent patients receiving clear aligner orthodontic treatment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houzhuo","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"3561_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5608","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20085608","volume":"20","author":"A Patano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patano A, Malcangi G, Sardano R, et al. 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Written informed consent to participate in this study was provided by the participants\u2019 legal guardian\/next of kin. Written informed consent was obtained from the minor(s)\u2019 legal guardian\/next of kin for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"857"}}