{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:16:20Z","timestamp":1791213380396,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Delta University for Science and Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was carried out in the submandibular salivary glands (SSGs) of rats to demonstrate the effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) in comparison with dietary chitosan supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups of six animals each. Rats in Group I were fed a balanced diet and considered controls. Meanwhile, those of Groups II and III were fed a KD, a balanced diet with high molecular weight chitosan, respectively. After 45 days, rats were euthanized, and the SSGs were dissected carefully for staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E), alpha-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA) immunohistochemical staining, and Congo red special stain. Quantitative data from \u03b1-SMA staining and Congo red staining were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey\u2019s multiple comparisons post hoc test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Regarding Congo red and \u03b1-SMA staining, one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference between the three groups. For \u03b1-SMA staining and Congo red staining, Group II had the highest mean values of 91.41\u2009\u00b1\u20093.30 and 68.10\u2009\u00b1\u20095.04, respectively, while Group I had the lowest values of 56.13\u2009\u00b1\u20093.96 and 16.87\u2009\u00b1\u20092.19, respectively. Group III had mean values of 60.70\u2009\u00b1\u20093.55 for \u03b1-SMA and 19.50\u2009\u00b1\u20091.78 for Congo red. Tukey\u2019s multiple comparisons post hoc test revealed significant differences between groups I &amp; II and between groups II &amp; III (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, there was a nonsignificant difference between groups I and III (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A KD has a deleterious effect on rats\u2019 SSG whatever the test we used, and dietary chitosan supplementation ameliorates these damaging effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03885-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T09:03:16Z","timestamp":1706691796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effects of ketogenic and chitosan-based diets on submandibular salivary gland in rat model: a comparative histological study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud Mohamed","family":"Aboulfotoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"3885_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5835","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115835","volume":"22","author":"NK Toan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toan NK, Ahn S-G. 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