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Unlike blood sampling, collecting saliva is non-invasive, inexpensive, and readily accessible. There are no previously published systematic reviews regarding different collection, transportation, preparation, and storage methods for human saliva.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has been prepared and organized according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. This systematic review has been registered at PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42023415384). The study question according to the PICO format was as followed: Comparison of the performance (C) of different saliva sampling, handling, transportation, and storage techniques and methods (I) assessed for analyzing stimulated or unstimulated human saliva (P and O). An electronic search was executed in Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-three descriptive human clinical studies published between 1995 and 2022 were included. Eight categories of salivary features and biomarkers were investigated (i.e., salivary flow rate, total saliva quantity, total protein, cortisol, testosterone, DNA quality and quantity, pH and buffering pH). Twenty-two saliva sampling methods\/devices were utilized. Passive drooling, Salivette\u00ae, and spitting were the most utilized methods. Sampling times with optimum capabilities for cortisol, iodine, and oral cancer metabolites are suggested to be 7:30 AM\u00a0to 9:00\u00a0AM, 10:30 AM\u00a0to 11:00\u00a0AM, and 14:00 PM\u00a0to 20:00\u00a0PM, respectively. There were 6 storage methods. Centrifuging samples and storing them at -70\u00a0\u00b0C to -80\u00a0\u00b0C was the most utilized storage method. For DNA quantity and quality, analyzing samples immediately after collection without centrifuging or storage, outperformed centrifuging samples and storing them at -70\u00a0\u00b0C to -80\u00a0\u00b0C. Non-coated Salivette\u00ae was the most successful method\/device for analyzing salivary flow rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is highly suggested that scientists take aid from the reported categorized outcomes, and design their study questions based on the current voids for each method\/device.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03902-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T09:03:41Z","timestamp":1706864621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Extensive comparison of salivary collection, transportation, preparation, and storage methods: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0778-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Mortazavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0140-8097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir-Ali","family":"Yousefi-Koma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7498-301X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannaneh","family":"Yousefi-Koma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3902_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amado F, Calheiros-Lobo MJ, Ferreira R, et al. 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