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Controlling inflammation and alleviating periodontal tissue destruction are key factors in periodontal therapy. This study aimed to develop an in situ curcumin\/zinc oxide (Cur\/ZNP) hydrogel and investigate its characteristics and effectiveness in the treatment of periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity assays were performed in vitro. To evaluate the effect of the in situ Cur\/ZNP hydrogel on periodontitis in vivo, an experimental periodontitis model was established in Sprague\u2012Dawley rats via silk ligature and inoculation of the maxillary first molar with <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>. After one month of in situ treatment with the hydrogel, we examined the transcriptional responses of the gingiva to the Cur\/ZNP hydrogel treatment and detected the alveolar bone level as well as the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the periodontal tissues of the rats.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cur\/ZNPs had synergistic inhibitory effects on <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> and good biocompatibility. RNA sequencing of the gingiva showed that immune effector process-related genes were significantly induced by experimental periodontitis. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (Ceacam1), which is involved in the negative regulation of bone resorption, was differentially regulated by the Cur\/ZNP hydrogel but not by the Cur hydrogel or ZNP hydrogel. The Cur\/ZNP hydrogel also had a stronger protective effect on alveolar bone resorption than both the Cur hydrogel and the ZNP hydrogel.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Cur\/ZNP hydrogel effectively inhibited periodontal pathogenic bacteria and alleviated alveolar bone destruction while exhibiting favorable biocompatibility.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04054-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T10:01:53Z","timestamp":1711620113000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characterization and application of in situ curcumin\/ZNP hydrogels for periodontitis treatment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17038","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.38","volume":"3","author":"DF Kinane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. 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